Mr. Anil Kamat Profile

Anil Kamat

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 17 March 2023 Presentation

Open access fNIRS dataset of surgical skill execution in the fundamental of laparoscopic program

Anil Kamat, Condell Eastmond, Erim Yanik, Suvranu De, Xavier Intes

Proceedings Volume 12364, 123640E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2651202

KEYWORDS: Laparoscopy, Data acquisition, Surgery, Neuroimaging, Brain activation

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Perception action cycle-related brain networks differentiate experts and novices: a combined EEG, fNIRS study during a complex surgical motor task

Anil Kamat, Jack Norfleet, Xavier Intes, Anirban Dutta, Suvranu De

Proceedings Volume 11945, 1194508 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2610063

KEYWORDS: Electroencephalography, Brain, Surgery, Neuroimaging, Prefrontal cortex, Modulation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 July 2021 Open Access

Functional brain connectivity related to surgical skill dexterity in physical and virtual simulation environments (Erratum)

Arun Nemani, Anil Kamat, Yuanyuan Gao, Meryem Yucel, Denise Gee, Clairice Cooper, Steven Schwaitzberg, Xavier Intes, Anirban Dutta, Suvranu De

NPh, Vol. 8, Issue 03, 039801, (July 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.NPh.8.3.039801

KEYWORDS: Virtual reality, Brain, Surgery, Spectroscopy, Neurophotonics, Medicine, Biomedical optics, Neuroimaging

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SPIE Journal Paper | 3 March 2021 Open Access

Functional brain connectivity related to surgical skill dexterity in physical and virtual simulation environments

Arun Nemani, Anil Kamat, Yuanyuan Gao, Meryem Yucel, Denise Gee, Clairice Cooper, Steven Schwaitzberg, Xavier Intes, Anirban Dutta, Suvranu De

NPh, Vol. 8, Issue 01, 015008, (March 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.NPh.8.1.015008

KEYWORDS: Brain, Shape memory alloys, Surgery, Laparoscopy, Wavelets, Prefrontal cortex, Neurophotonics, Virtual reality, Neurovascular coupling, Sensors

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Significance: Surgical simulators, both virtual and physical, are increasingly used as training tools for teaching and assessing surgical technical skills. However, the metrics used for assessment in these simulation environments are often subjective and inconsistent. Aim: We propose functional activation metrics, derived from brain imaging measurements, to objectively assess the correspondence between brain activation with surgical motor skills for subjects with varying degrees of surgical skill. Approach: Cortical activation based on changes in the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) of 36 subjects was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy at the prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary motor cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) due to their association with motor skill learning. Inter-regional functional connectivity metrics, namely, wavelet coherence (WCO) and wavelet phase coherence were derived from HbO changes to correlate brain activity to surgical motor skill levels objectively. Results: One-way multivariate analysis of variance found a statistically significant difference in the inter-regional WCO metrics for physical simulator based on Wilk’s Λ for expert versus novice, F ( 10,1 ) = 7495.5, p < 0.01. Partial eta squared effect size for the inter-regional WCO metrics was found to be highest between the central prefrontal cortex (CPFC) and SMA, CPFC-SMA (η2 = 0.257). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U tests with a 95% confidence interval showed baseline equivalence and a statistically significant (p < 0.001) difference in the CPFC-SMA WPCO metrics for the physical simulator training group (0.960 ± 0.045) versus the untrained control group (0.735 ± 0.177) following training for 10 consecutive days in addition to the pretest and posttest days. Conclusion: We show that brain functional connectivity WCO metric corresponds to surgical motor skills in the laparoscopic physical simulators. Functional connectivity between the CPFC and the SMA is lower for subjects that exhibit expert surgical motor skills than untrained subjects in laparoscopic physical simulators.

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