Prof. Brian D. Rigling Profile

Prof. Brian D. Rigling

Professor at Wright State Univ

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Publications (35)

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 3, 2017

Using phase for radar scatterer classification

Proc. SPIE. 10201, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIV

KEYWORDS: Optical spheres, Signal to noise ratio, Scattering, Synthetic aperture radar, Detection and tracking algorithms, Electromagnetic scattering, Sensors, Radar, Automatic target recognition, Feature extraction, Error analysis

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 1, 2017

Automatic threshold selection for multi-class open set recognition

Proc. SPIE. 10202, Automatic Target Recognition XXVII

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Lawrencium, Algorithm development, Detection and tracking algorithms, Automatic target recognition, Target recognition, Principal component analysis, Logic, Library classification systems, Data modeling

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 28, 2017

Analysis of speckle and material properties in laider tracer

Proc. SPIE. 10201, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIV

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture imaging, Synthetic apertures, Electroluminescence, Data modeling, Sensors, Computer simulations, Speckle, LIDAR, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Optical simulations, Ray tracing, Reflectivity, Databases

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 14, 2016

Performance prediction of multinomial pattern matching under ideal point response variations

Proc. SPIE. 9843, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Automatic target recognition, Image resolution, Synthetic aperture radar, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Quantization, Statistical analysis, Detection and tracking algorithms, Scattering

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 12, 2016

Multi-class open set recognition for SAR imagery

Proc. SPIE. 9844, Automatic Target Recognition XXVI

KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Synthetic aperture radar, Target recognition, Calibration, LIDAR, Infrared imaging, Automatic target recognition, Binary data, Data modeling, Picosecond phenomena

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 22, 2015

Performance of peaky template matching under additive white Gaussian noise and uniform quantization

Proc. SPIE. 9476, Automatic Target Recognition XXV

KEYWORDS: Quantization, Detection and tracking algorithms, Statistical analysis, Automatic target recognition, Synthetic aperture radar, Algorithm development, Image processing, Forward looking infrared, Monte Carlo methods, Bismuth

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 22, 2015

An evaluation of open set recognition for FLIR images

Proc. SPIE. 9476, Automatic Target Recognition XXV

KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Forward looking infrared, Machine learning, Data modeling, Automatic target recognition, Neodymium, Remote sensing, Calibration, Error analysis, Binary data

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 19, 2015

Improving change detection results with knowledge of registration uncertainty

Proc. SPIE. 9460, Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications XII

KEYWORDS: Image registration, Error analysis, Statistical analysis, Monte Carlo methods, Digital filtering, Convolution, Dysprosium, Image filtering, Data modeling, Spatial resolution

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 13, 2015

Asymptotic modeling of synthetic aperture ladar sensor phenomenology

Proc. SPIE. 9475, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXII

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Electro optical modeling, LIDAR, Image resolution, Sensors, Scattering, Automatic target recognition, Computer simulations, Geometrical optics, Image processing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 13, 2015

Multinomial pattern matching revisited

Proc. SPIE. 9475, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXII

KEYWORDS: Quantization, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Statistical analysis, Automatic target recognition, Synthetic aperture radar, Data modeling, Radar, Sensors, Bismuth

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 13, 2014

Recent improvements to the Raider Tracer scattering prediction tool

Proc. SPIE. 9093, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXI

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Visual process modeling, Scattering, Receivers, Optical spheres, Electromagnetic scattering, Radar, Algorithm development, MATLAB, Ray tracing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 13, 2014

Ladar ATR via probabilistic open set techniques

Proc. SPIE. 9090, Automatic Target Recognition XXIV

KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, LIDAR, Automatic target recognition, Target recognition, Algorithm development, Binary data, Phase modulation, Remote sensing, Analytical research, Data modeling

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 3, 2013

SAR based classification of ground moving targets to assist vehicle tracking

Proc. SPIE. 8746, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XX

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Distortion, Sensors, Detection and tracking algorithms, Radar, Error analysis, Target recognition, Image quality, Radar imaging, Motion estimation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 16, 2013

Foreground estimation in motion imagery using multi-frame change detection techniques

Proc. SPIE. 8740, Motion Imagery Technologies, Best Practices, and Workflows for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), and Situational Awareness

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Detection and tracking algorithms, Motion estimation, Video, Image registration, Chemical elements, Image analysis, Statistical analysis, Visualization, Associative arrays

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 14, 2012

Dual format algorithm implementation with gotcha data

Proc. SPIE. 8394, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIX

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Distortion, Image filtering, Sensors, Image analysis, Fourier transforms, Image acquisition, Image resolution, X band, Antennas

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 3, 2012

Approximation and bounding of distortion errors in polar format SAR imaging for squinted geometries

Proc. SPIE. 8394, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIX

KEYWORDS: Distortion, Synthetic aperture radar, Image processing, Wavefronts, Antennas, Surveillance, Image resolution, Analytical research, Signal processing, Image transmission

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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is a powerful tool that can be utilized where other conventional surveillance methods fail. It has a variety of applications including reconnaissance and surveillance for defense purposes, natural resource exploration, and environmental monitoring, among others. SAR systems generally create large datasets that need to be processed to form a final image. Processing this data can be computationally intensive, and applications may demand algorithms that can form images quickly. The goal and motivation of this research is to analyze algorithms that permit a large SAR dataset to be efficiently processed into a high-resolution image of a large scene. The backprojection algorithm (BPA)1 can serve as a baseline for performance relative to other SAR imaging algorithms. It results in accurately formed images for a vast variety of imaging scenarios. The tradeoff comes in its computational complexity which is O(N³) for an N × N pixel image. The polar format algorithm (PFA⁾² is a long-standing and popular alternative to the BPA. The PFA allows the use of fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs), leading to a computational complexity of O(N2 logN) for an N × N pixel image. However, the PFA relies on a far-field approximation, wherein the curved wavefront of the transmitted pulses is approximated as a planar wavefront, thereby introducing spatially variant phase errors and hence distortion and defocus in the PFA formed image. The defocus and distortion errors can be corrected, but this is a non-trivial process.3 It can be shown that first-order Taylor expansion of a differential range expression yields the assumed received signal phase used to generate images from SAR phase history data with the PFA.4 This work focuses on error terms introduced by the PFA assumption that introduce geometric distortion in the resulting image. This distortion causes a point scatterer located at a true (x, y) coordinate to appear at some (x, y) in the formed image, i.e, unwanted translation of point target locations is introduced. Complicating matters, the distortion is a function of a pixel's coordinates in the scene, thus making the distortion spatially-variant such that each pixel will be distorted differently. This is often referred to as an image warping. Previously, it has been assumed that the second-order Taylor series of the differential range defines the dominant error,2, 4, 5 due to the factorial decay of the Taylor series. This assumption is tested here by performing a Taylor expansion on a differential range error expression. Instead of assuming the second-order differential range expansion term to be the sole source of error, the true error term is used to approximate the distortion. The results of this comparison are presented. The differential range error approach will be referred to as the DRE approach and the dominant polynomial approach as the DPE. Additionally, with an accurate distortion approximation, it has been shown that the distortion can be removed in post-processing.3 With this in mind, bounds on scene size are derived limiting the visible distortion to within an arbitary number of resolution cells, both before and after the second-order distortion correction. These bounds are also verified in simulation. The paper is outlined as follows. In Section 2, we will first introduce the differential range term and demonstrate its relationship to the PFA imaging kernel and the source of the phase error terms. Next in Section 3, the distortion functions will be derived from these error terms using both the DRE and DPE approaches before and after applying the second-corrections. Then in Section 4, these results will be bounded such that the worst-case distortion at a specific pixel in the scene is within an arbitrary number of resolution cells, giving an approximated distortion-free scene size. Finally in Section 5, the results and comparison of the approaches will be presented.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 3, 2012

Flying blind: a challenge problem for SAR imaging without navigational data

Proc. SPIE. 8394, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIX

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Image processing, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Error analysis, Image resolution, Imaging systems, Motion estimation, Algorithm development, Computer simulations, Navigation systems

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 5, 2011

A comparison of SAR imaging algorithms for high-squint angle trajectories

Proc. SPIE. 8051, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVIII

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Image processing, Antennas, Image acquisition, Distortion, Image resolution, Surveillance, Wavefronts, Sensors, Radar

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 21, 2010

Dual format algorithm for monostatic SAR

Proc. SPIE. 7699, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Detection and tracking algorithms, Distortion, Image filtering, Sensors, Image acquisition, Computer simulations, Radar, Antennas, Radar imaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 19, 2010

Analysis of focused dismount signatures

Proc. SPIE. 7699, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII

KEYWORDS: Doppler effect, Radar, Data modeling, Scattering, Motion models, Analytical research, Algorithm development, Light scattering, Motion estimation, Statistical modeling

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 17, 2009

Millimeter-wave radar systems for biometric applications

Proc. SPIE. 7485, Millimetre Wave and Terahertz Sensors and Technology II

KEYWORDS: Radar, Heart, Chest, Electrocardiography, Motion measurement, Interference (communication), Biometrics, Oscillators, Heterodyning, Receivers

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 1, 2009

An algorithm for the detection of handguns in terahertz images

Proc. SPIE. 7311, Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems III: Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Firearms, Detection and tracking algorithms, Image processing algorithms and systems, Imaging systems, Binary data, Image filtering, Shape analysis, Weapons, Image resolution

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | April 29, 2009

Analysis of target rotation and translation in SAR imagery

Proc. SPIE. 7337, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVI

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Radar, Motion analysis, Image filtering, Image quality, Detection and tracking algorithms, Image processing, Doppler effect, Image analysis, Motion models

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 24, 2008

Multisensor 3D tracking for counter small unmanned air vehicles (CSUAV)

Proc. SPIE. 6971, Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXII

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Cameras, Radar, Acoustics, Video, Target detection, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Mid-IR, Video processing, Human-machine interfaces

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 7, 2007

A comparison of nonquadratic regularization implementations on the backhoe data set

Proc. SPIE. 6568, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV

KEYWORDS: Stochastic processes, Synthetic aperture radar, Image quality, Image enhancement, Image processing, Image acquisition, Radar, Data modeling, Electronic filtering, Optimization (mathematics)

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 7, 2007

A comparison between imaging radar and medical imaging polar format algorithm implementations

Proc. SPIE. 6568, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Medical imaging, Computed tomography, Radar, Fourier transforms, Reconstruction algorithms, Image acquisition, Image quality, Tomography, Image resolution

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 7, 2007

Raider tracer: a MATLAB-based electromagnetic scattering simulator

Proc. SPIE. 6568, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV

KEYWORDS: Electromagnetic scattering, Scattering, Synthetic aperture radar, Diffraction, Ray tracing, MATLAB, Computer simulations, Electrical engineering, Radar, Electromagnetic scattering theory

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 17, 2006

System analysis of a short-range SAR repeater

Proc. SPIE. 6237, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIII

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Systems modeling, Doppler effect, Sensors, Radar, Antennas, Surveillance, Reflectivity, Receivers, Backscatter

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 17, 2006

Multistage entropy minimization for SAR image autofocus

Proc. SPIE. 6237, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIII

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Signal to noise ratio, Synthetic aperture radar, Image processing, Monte Carlo methods, Detection and tracking algorithms, Error analysis, Algorithm development, Scattering, Optimization (mathematics)

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | January 26, 2006

Virtual confocal microscopy

Proc. SPIE. 6056, Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications VII

KEYWORDS: 3D acquisition, Confocal microscopy, Sensors, 3D image processing, Edge detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Target detection, Clouds, Electro optics, Reconstruction algorithms

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 19, 2005

Adaptive noise radar for simultaneous bistatic SAR and GMTI

Proc. SPIE. 5808, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII

KEYWORDS: Doppler effect, Synthetic aperture radar, Radar, Detection and tracking algorithms, Image processing, Receivers, Transmitters, Interference (communication), Signal to noise ratio, Signal processing

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 2, 2004

Adaptive filtering for air-to-ground surveillance

Proc. SPIE. 5427, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI

KEYWORDS: Radar, Receivers, Synthetic aperture radar, Signal processing, Electronic filtering, Digital filtering, Transmitters, Doppler effect, Surveillance, Wireless communications

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 2, 2004

GTD-based scattering models for bistatic SAR

Proc. SPIE. 5427, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Receivers, Transmitters, 3D modeling, Synthetic aperture radar, Reflectors, Optical spheres, Reflection, Electromagnetic scattering, Automatic target recognition

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 12, 2003

Three-dimensional surface reconstruction from multistatic SAR images

Proc. SPIE. 5095, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery X

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Receivers, Transmitters, Image processing, 3D image processing, Interferometry, 3D image reconstruction, Reconstruction algorithms, Antennas, Bismuth

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 24, 2000

Relative information in phase of radar range profiles

Proc. SPIE. 4053, Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII

KEYWORDS: Error analysis, Radar, Scattering, Signal to noise ratio, Synthetic aperture radar, Image resolution, Electromagnetic scattering, X band, Monte Carlo methods, Image analysis

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