ELETTRA is an intermediate energy Synchrotron Light Source located in the outskirts of Trieste, Italy, open to researchers of basic and applied fields such as material and life sciences, physics, chemistry and geology. The synchrotron is operated 24 hours/day, 7 days/week with few periods of shutdown, mostly dedicated to maintenance. During one of these periods, in August 2001, ENEA Fusion Technology Division (Italy), in collaboration with ELETTRA Accelerator Sector and Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI, Switzerland), carried out the 3D dimensional survey of the storage ring using its own optical metrology system (Leica laser tracker LTD500). The aim of the survey was re-alignment of the storage ring magnets of the synchrotron. Within a two-weeks time shutdown, more than 2300 single measurements were taken on the 24 bending magnets, 108 quadrupoles and 72 sextupoles placed in the 259.2 m circumference storage ring. The overall root mean square error of the oriented network were less than 0.1 mm, thus making possible a subsequent and successful one-week alignment of one fourth of the storage ring (October 2001). This performance completely fulfilled the very demanding survey specifications in terms of accuracy, time required, and usability of the measurements. This paper illustrates the survey, the method and the instrumentation adopted and the results obtained. Moreover, it gives guidelines to be taken into account when planning the alignment of accelerators or large and heavy components.
Luciano Bartolini, Andrea Bordone, Alberto Coletti, Mario Ferri De Collibus, Giorgio Fornetti, S. Lupini, Carlo Neri, Claudio Poggi, Marco Riva, Luigi Semeraro, Carlo Talarico
An amplitude modulated laser radar has been developed by ENEA (Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Environment) for periodic in-vessel inspection in large fusion machines. Its overall optical design has been developed taking into account the extremely high radiation levels and operating temperatures foreseen in large European fusion machines such as JET (Joint European Torus) and ITER (International Thermo- nuclear Experimental Reactor). The viewing system is based on a transceiving optical radar using a RF modulated single mode 840 nm wavelength laser beam. The sounding beam is transmitted through a coherent optical fiber and a focusing optic to the inner part of the nuclear reactor vessel by a stainless steel probe on the tip of which a suitable scanning silica prism steers the laser beam along a linear raster spanning a -90 degree(s) to +60 degree(s) in elevation and 360 degree(s) in azimuth for a complete mapping of the vessel itself. All the electronics, including the laser source, avalanche photodiode and all the active components are located outside the bioshield, while passive components (receiving optics, transmitting collimator, fiber optics), located in the torus hall, are made of fused silica so that the overall laser radar is radiation resistant. The signal is acquired, the raster lines being synchronized with the aid of optical encoders linked to the scanning prism, thus yielding a TV like image. Preliminary results have been obtained scanning large sceneries including several real targets having different backscattering properties, colors and surface reflectivity ranging over several decades to simulate the expected dynamic range of the video signals incoming from the vessel.
Luciano Bartolini, Andrea Bordone, Alberto Coletti, Mario Ferri De Collibus, Giorgio Fornetti, Carlo Neri, Claudio Poggi, Marco Riva, Luigi Semeraro, Carlo Talarico
An optical amplitude modulated laser radar has been developed for periodic in-vessel inspection in large fusion machines and its overall optical aiming is developed taking into account the extremely high radiation levels and operating temperatures foreseen in the large European fusion machines (JET and ITER). In this paper an in vessel viewing system based on a transceiving optical radar using an RF modulated single mode 840 nm wavelength laser beam is illustrated. The sounding beam is transmitted through a coherent optical fiber and a focusing collimator to the inner part of the vessel by a stainless steel probe on the tip of which a suitable scanning silica prism steers the laser beam along a linear raster spanning a -90 degree to +90 degree in elevation and 360 degrees in azimuth for a complete mapping of the vessel itself. All the electronics, including laser source, avalanche photodiode and all the active components are located outside the bioshield, while passive components (receiving optics, transmitting collimator, fiber optics), located in the torus hall, are in fused silica so that the overall vision system is radiation resistant. The Active and passive components are contained in separated stainless steel boxes connected through two silica fiber optics. The laser radiation backscattered by the resolved surface element of the vessel is received by a collecting silica optics and remotely transmitted through a multimode fiber on the surface of an avalanche photodiode detector located in the active module at 120 m distance. The received signal is then acquired, the raster lines being synchronized with the aid of optical encoders linked to the scanning prism, to give a TV like image. The scanning accuracy expected in scanning process is less than 1 mm at 10 m of distance: this is a suitable resolution to yield a high quality image showing all the damages due to plasma disruptions. Preliminary results have been obtained scanning large sceneries including several real targets having different light backscattering properties, colors and surfaces reflectivity ranging over several decades to simulate the expected dynamic range of the video signals incoming from the vessel.
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