Diffractive optical element (DOE) has the characteristics of lightweight, flexibility, and easy replication, which meet the needs of miniaturization, integration, and mass production of optical systems. They play and will continue to play an important role in multiple fields of modern optics. In application scenarios with different requirements, researchers need to flexibly apply design methods to customize DOE with specific functions. On the basis of reviewing the basic principles of DOE design, existing DOE design methods based on diffraction principle and interference principle are briefly described. Combined with the latest application progress of DOE in the field of imaging and display, the applicability of DOE design methods is elaborated. Finally, the difficulties faced in DOE design are summarized, and potential application directions in future technology are prospected.
Holographic optical element (HOE) are widely used due to their lightweight, miniaturization, and multifunctional characteristics. However, making HOE that can be applied in the infrared band is a challenging task, especially when HOE has multiple function. This paper proposes a design and fabrication method for a near-infrared multifunctional HOE that can be recorded using visible light. The three recording beams of this multifunctional HOE include a plane beam and two spherical beams. Therefore, on the basis of achieving beam redirection, it can also achieve beam splitting and the convergence of each split beam. To solve the problem of wavelength mismatch while achieving multiple functions of HOE. The decrease in diffraction efficiency caused by wavelength shift is compensated by the angle shift of recording light. The wavefront aberration caused by wavelength mismatch is compensated by introducing a cylindrical lens in the recording optical path. The multifunctional HOE has the potential to be used in infrared optical systems to achieve system miniaturization, and this paper provides an application example for laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The designed HOE successfully achieved two sets of stripes with opposite slopes in the measurement volume of LDV at different working wavelengths, proving the feasibility of the design and fabrication methods. Furthermore, the method proposed in this paper can provide reference for the design and fabrication of other HOEs working in the near-infrared band.
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