Dr. Charles Ross Schmidtlein Profile

Dr. Charles Ross Schmidtlein

Associate Attending at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr

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Publications (12)

Proceedings Article | 3 April 2024 Presentation

Simulation study of Compton scatter recovery in an ultra-high-performance brain PET scanner with onion ring geometry

Andrzej Krol, Eric Harmon, Michael Thompson, Ross Schmidtlein

Proceedings Volume 12930, 1293012 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3009701

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Positron emission tomography, Brain, Neuroimaging, Scanners, Spatial resolution, Photons, Imaging systems, Crystals, Ultrafast imaging

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Proceedings Article | 10 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Experimental proof of record-short coincidence time resolution performance achieved in a 3 mm x 3 mm x 3 mm LYSO crystal

Eric Harmon, Michael Thompson, C. Ross Schmidtlein, James Turner, Alberto Gola, Giacomo Borghi, Stefano Merzi, Elena Moretti, Andrzej Krol

Proceedings Volume 12468, 124680G (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2656891

KEYWORDS: Silicon photomultipliers, Picosecond phenomena, Oscilloscopes, Crystals, Scintillators, Positron emission tomography, Histograms, Error analysis, Data processing

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

Photopeak detection efficiency of thin LSO scintillators for positron emission tomography

Eric Harmon, Michael Thompson, C. Ross Schmidtlein, Andrzej Krol

Proceedings Volume 11600, 116000B (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584837

KEYWORDS: Scintillators, Positron emission tomography, Gamma radiation, Compton scattering, Statistical analysis, Sensors, Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Energy efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

A deblurring/denoising corrected scintigraphic planar image reconstruction model for targeted alpha therapy

Charles Ross Schmidtlein, Matthew Maroun, Andrzej Krol, Howard Gifford, Lisa Bodei, Joseph O'Donoghue, Ida Häggström, Yuesheng Xu, Si Li

Proceedings Volume 11600, 1160013 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584736

KEYWORDS: Image restoration, Image quality, Image processing, Spatial resolution, Toxicity, Systems modeling, Signal attenuation, Sensors, Scintigraphy, Nuclear medicine

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Modified sensitivity, noise equivalent count rate performance, and scatter fraction measurements of asymmetrical and dedicated brain positron emission tomographs

C. Ross Schmidtlein, Eric Harmon, Michael Thompson, Andrzej Krol

Proceedings Volume 11595, 1159555 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584514

KEYWORDS: Scatter measurement, Brain, Sensors, Positron emission tomography, Standards development, Spherical lenses, Scanners, Optical spheres, Neuroimaging, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

An assessment of PET dose reduction with penalized likelihood image reconstruction using a computationally efficient model observer

Howard Gifford, C. Ross Schmidtlein, Andrzej Krol, Yuesheng Xu

Proceedings Volume 11312, 113120T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550856

KEYWORDS: Image quality, Positron emission tomography, Reconstruction algorithms, Data modeling, Expectation maximization algorithms, Cancer, Algorithm development, Visual process modeling

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2020 Presentation + Paper

How to meet the 10 ps Coincidence Timing Resolution PET challenge

Eric Harmon, Michael Thompson, C. Ross Schmidtlein, James Turner, Andrzej Krol

Proceedings Volume 11317, 113170D (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2551446

KEYWORDS: Scintillators, Picosecond phenomena, Photons, Positron emission tomography, Scintillation, Monte Carlo methods, Refractive index, Quantum efficiency, Reflectivity, Gamma radiation

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Towards 50 ps TOF-PET for brain imaging

Eric Harmon, Michael Thompson, C. Ross Schmidtlein, James Turner, Andrzej Krol

Proceedings Volume 10953, 1095303 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2515123

KEYWORDS: Silicon photomultipliers, Photons, Scintillators, Picosecond phenomena, Absorption, Positron emission tomography, Quantum efficiency, Photodetectors, Dispersion, Brain, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2018 Presentation + Paper

Development of ultrafast detector for advanced time-of-flight brain PET

Eric Harmon, Michael Thompson, Krishna Mandal, C. Ross Schmidtlein, James Turner, Jacques Beaumont, Andrzej Krol

Proceedings Volume 10578, 1057808 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293912

KEYWORDS: Photons, Scintillators, Picosecond phenomena, Positron emission tomography, Sensors, Scintillation, Brain, Monte Carlo methods, Gamma radiation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 November 2016

Initial performance studies of a wearable brain positron emission tomography camera based on autonomous thin-film digital Geiger avalanche photodiode arrays

Charles Schmidtlein, James Turner, Michael Thompson, Krishna Mandal, Ida Häggström, Jiahan Zhang, John Humm, David Feiglin, Andrzej Krol

JMI, Vol. 4, Issue 01, 011003, (November 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.011003

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Sensors, Scintillators, Brain, Imaging systems, Photons, Cameras, Neuroimaging, Crystals, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2016 Paper

Performance modeling of a wearable brain PET (BET) camera

C. Schmidtlein, J. Turner, M. Thompson, K. Mandal, I. Häggström, J. Zhang, J. Humm, D. Feiglin, A. Krol

Proceedings Volume 9788, 978806 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217020

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Monte Carlo methods, Scintillators, Sensors, Brain, Photons, Statistical analysis, Neuroimaging, Cameras, Spherical lenses

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Purpose: To explore, by means of analytical and Monte Carlo modeling, performance of a novel lightweight and low-cost wearable helmet-shaped Brain PET (BET) camera based on thin-film digital Geiger Avalanche Photo Diode (dGAPD) with LSO and LaBr₃ scintillators for imaging in vivo human brain processes for freely moving and acting subjects responding to various stimuli in any environment.

Methods: We performed analytical and Monte Carlo modeling PET performance of a spherical cap BET device and cylindrical brain PET (CYL) device, both with 25 cm diameter and the same total mass of LSO scintillator. Total mass of LSO in both the BET and CYL systems is about 32 kg for a 25 mm thick scintillator, and 13 kg for 10 mm thick scintillator (assuming an LSO density of 7.3 g/ml). We also investigated a similar system using an LaBr3 scintillator corresponding to 22 kg and 9 kg for the 25 mm and 10 mm thick systems (assuming an LaBr₃ density of 5.08 g/ml). In addition, we considered a clinical whole body (WB) LSO PET/CT scanner with 82 cm ring diameter and 15.8 cm axial length to represent a reference system. BET consisted of distributed Autonomous Detector Arrays (ADAs) integrated into Intelligent Autonomous Detector Blocks (IADBs). The ADA comprised of an array of small LYSO scintillator volumes (voxels with base a×a: 1.0 ≤ a ≤ 2.0 mm and length c: 3.0 ≤ c ≤ 6.0 mm) with 5–65 μm thick reflective layers on its five sides and sixth side optically coupled to the matching array of dGAPDs and processing electronics with total thickness of 50 μm. Simulated energy resolution was 10.8% and 3.3% for LSO and LaBr₃ respectively and the coincidence window was set at 2 ns. The brain was simulated as a sphere of uniform F-18 activity with diameter of 10 cm embedded in a center of water sphere with diameter of 10 cm.

Results: Analytical and Monte Carlo models showed similar results for lower energy window values (458 keV versus 445 keV for LSO, and 492 keV versus 485 keV for LaBr₃), and for the relative performance of system sensitivity. Monte Carlo results further showed that the BET geometry had >50% better noise equivalent count (NEC) performance relative to the CYL geometry, and >1100% better performance than a WB geometry for 25 mm thick LSO and LaBr₃. For 10 mm thick LaBr₃ equivalent mass systems LSO (7 mm thick) performed ~40% higher NEC than LaBr₃. Analytic and Monte Carlo simulations also showed that 1×1×3 mm scintillator crystals can achieve ~1.2 mm FWHM spatial resolution.

Conclusions: This study shows that a spherical cap brain PET system can provide improved NEC while preserving spatial resolution when compared to an equivalent dedicated cylindrical PET brain camera and shows greatly improved PET performance relative to a conventional whole body PET/CT. In addition, our simulations show that LSO will generally outperform LaBr₃ for NEC unless the timing resolution for LaBr₃ is considerably smaller than presently used for LSO, i.e. well below 300 ps.

Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

SPECT reconstruction using DCT-induced tight framelet regularization

Jiahan Zhang, Si Li, Yuesheng Xu, C. Schmidtlein, Edward Lipson, David Feiglin, Andrzej Krol

Proceedings Volume 9412, 94123H (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082118

KEYWORDS: Expectation maximization algorithms, Reconstruction algorithms, Wavelets, Single photon emission computed tomography, Gaussian filters, Image restoration, Image filtering, Spatial frequencies, CT reconstruction, Monte Carlo methods

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