Ms. Christa M. Brelsford Profile

Christa M. Brelsford

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SPIE Journal Paper | 21 March 2014

Using mixture-tuned match filtering to measure changes in subpixel vegetation area in Las Vegas, Nevada

Christa Brelsford, Douglas Shepherd

JARS, Vol. 8, Issue 01, 083660, (March 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JRS.8.083660

KEYWORDS: Vegetation, Lanthanum, Calibration, Photography, Landsat, Target detection, Satellite imaging, Earth observing sensors, Satellites, Error analysis

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In desert cities, accurate measurements of vegetation area within residential lots are necessary to understand drivers of change in water consumption. Most residential lots are smaller than an individual 30-m pixel from Landsat satellite images and have a mixture of vegetation and other land covers. Quantifying vegetation change in this environment requires estimating subpixel vegetation area. Mixture-tuned match filtering (MTMF) has been successfully used for subpixel target detection. There have been few successful applications of MTMF to subpixel abundance estimation because the relationship observed between MTMF estimates and ground measurements of abundance is noisy. We use a ground truth dataset over 10 times larger than that available for any previous MTMF application to estimate the bias between ground data and MTMF results. We find that MTMF underestimates the fractional area of vegetation by 5% to 10% and show that averaging over multiple pixels is necessary to reduce noise in the dataset. We conclude that MTMF is a viable technique for fractional area estimation when a large dataset is available for calibration. When this method is applied to estimating vegetation area in Las Vegas, Nevada, spatial and temporal trends are consistent with expectations from known population growth and policy changes.

Proceedings Article | 24 September 2013 Paper

Using mixture tuned match filtering to measure changes in subpixel vegetation area in Las Vegas, Nevada

Christa Brelsford, Doug Shepherd

Proceedings Volume 8869, 88690B (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035040

KEYWORDS: Vegetation, Lanthanum, Neodymium, Landsat, Calibration, Photography, Image filtering, Target detection, Ions, Earth observing sensors

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In desert cities, securing sufficient water supply to meet the needs of both existing population and future growth is a complex problem with few easy solutions. Grass lawns are a major driver of water consumption and accurate measurements of vegetation area are necessary to understand drivers of changes in household water consumption. Measuring vegetation change in a heterogeneous urban environment requires sub-pixel estimation of vegetation area. Mixture Tuned Match Filtering has been successfully applied to target detection for materials that only cover small portions of a satellite image pixel. There have been few successful applications of MTMF to fractional area estimation, despite theory that suggests feasibility. We use a ground truth dataset over ten times larger than that available for any previous MTMF application to estimate the bias between ground truth data and matched filter results. We find that the MTMF algorithm underestimates the fractional area of vegetation by 5-10%, and calculate that averaging over 20 to 30 pixels is necessary to correct this bias. We conclude that with a large ground truth dataset, using MTMF for fractional area estimation is possible when results can be estimated at a lower spatial resolution than the base image. When this method is applied to estimating vegetation area in Las Vegas, NV spatial and temporal trends are consistent with expectations from known population growth and policy goals.

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