PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 23, 2011
Proc. SPIE. 7973, Optical Microlithography XXIV
KEYWORDS: Lithography, Electronics, Image segmentation, Manufacturing, Electroluminescence, Inverse problems, Photomasks, Optical proximity correction, SRAF, Optimization (mathematics)
It is well known in the industry that the technology nodes from 30nm and below will require model based SRAF / OPC
for critical layers to meet production required process windows. Since the seminal paper by Saleh and Sayegh[1][2]
thirty years ago, the idea of using inverse methods to solve mask layout problems has been receiving increasing attention
as design sizes have been steadily shrinking. ILT in its present form represents an attempt to construct the inverse
solution to a constrained problem where the constraints are all possible phenomena which can be simulated, including:
DOF, sidelobes, MRC, MEEF, EL, shot-count, and other effects. Given current manufacturing constraints and process
window requirements, inverse solutions must use all possible degrees of freedom to synthesize a mask.
Various forms of inverse solutions differ greatly with respect to lithographic performance and mask complexity. Factors
responsible for their differences include composition of the cost function that is minimized, constraints applied during
optimization to ensure MRC compliance and limit complexity, and the data structure used to represent mask patterns. In
this paper we describe the level set method to represent mask patterns, which allows the necessary degrees of freedom
for required lithographic performance, and show how to derive Manhattan mask patterns from it, which can be
manufactured with controllable complexity and limited shot-counts. We will demonstrate how full chip ILT masks can
control e-beam write-time to the level comparable to traditional OPC masks, providing a solution with maximized
lithographic performance and manageable cost of ownership that is vital to sub-30nm node IC manufacturing.
