We analyze and demonstrate the suppression relative intensity noise (RIN) of continuous-wave (CW) fiber laser. The transfer functions of pump-rate and cavity-loss fluctuations are derived and used for calculating the RIN spectrum of the fiber laser. An CW fiber laser is built, and its RIN spectrum is measured. The RIN at the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser is reduced by 19.8dB and 28.4 dB respectively under different pump powers by adding intra-cavity nonlinear absorber.
A precisely tunable heterodyne-injection-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator (HIL-DL OEO) is analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The primary loop, utilizing a narrow bandpass filter, generates a frequency-fixed signal, and the secondary loop, incorporating a yttrium iron garnet filter, outputs the tunable signal. The oscillating signal in each loop experiences frequency translation at an external frequency translation module (FTM) and is then fed to the other loop. The frequency translation at the FTM, which is composed of two mixers and a power splitter, is realized with the help of a tunable low-frequency signal. Thanks to the low-frequency signal, the oscillation frequency in the secondary loop would vary accordingly under injection locking.
We investigate the photomixing Kelly sidebands of soliton mode-locking fiber laser to generate the Terahertz (THz) signal. A simulation model about soliton fiber laser with obvious ±1 order Kelly sidebands is built up to design the sidebands with strong intensity, narrow bandwidth and adjustable spacing. It is found that the parameters of mode-locking fiber laser such as the total dispersion, filtering bandwidths, pump power of the laser play significant roles in determining the features of the ±1 order Kelly sidebands and the relationships between them are investigated. By photomixing the ±1 order sidebands, the experimental result shows that the desired THz signals with high optical-to-THz conversion are generated at frequencies of 0.187THz from the lab-made Yb-doped mode-locking fiber lasers. Well-designed Er-doped ring-cavity soliton fiber laser is used for obtaining THz signal of narrow linewidth with 1.35THz frequency tunable range.
Heterogeneous III-V/silicon photonic integrated circuits promise to integrated dissimilar materials without compromising their own properties. InP-based high-power and high-speed In0.53Ga0.47As modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes(UTC-PDs) heterogeneously integrated on silicon-on-insulator waveguides have been demonstrated. In this paper, we will propose a novel GaAs0.5Sb0.5/InP type-II waveguide UTC-PD. The p-type In0.53Ga0.47As absorption layer is replaced by a p-type GaAs0.5Sb0.5 layer. Due to the type-II interface between p type GaAs0.5Sb0.5 absorber and InP collector, photo-generated electrons generated in the absorption layer are injected into the collection layer with enhanced kinetic energy, which aids their transport toward the collector and minimizes the current blocking effect. Our device shows a significant improvement in the responsivity (1.14A/W) and bandwidth(40.3GHz) compared with that of waveguide UTC-PD with the same thickness of pure In0.53Ga0.47As absorber. The demonstrated type-II PD offers a record overestimated saturation current-bandwidth product 4473.3 mA.GHz. These promising results suggest that our proposed GaAs0.5Sb0.5/InP type-II waveguide UTC-PD structure can fundamentally overcome the trade-off among bandwidth, responsivity, and length of high-speed waveguide PDs.
We numerically studied the terahertz wave generation in
quasi phase matched Gallium Arsenide (QPM-GaAs)
based
on difference frequency generation (DFG) process
between resonating signal and idler waves of the
type-IIphase matched
periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) optical parametric
oscillator (OPO). The optimal GaAs length for maximum
conversion efficiency was obtained considering the wave
propagation loss in the GaAs crystal by adding a loss
term in the coupled wave equations.
Multimode VCSEL(Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) coupling into MMF (Multimode Optical Fiber) and its
influence on MMF link has been numerically studied. Considering the transverse misalignment between VCSEL and
MMF, coupling efficiency between VCSEL higher-order modes and modes of MMF is calculated and the Mode Power
Distribution in the MMF is obtained. Simulation of MMF link with multimode VCSEL indicates that the higher-order
VCSEL modes lead to decreasing of the eye opening of received signal. The transverse misalignment of VCSEL between
MMF greatly deteriorates the eye opening. With 300m OM3-MMF link , the EOP (eye-opening-penalty) is greater than
14dB when the misalignment between VCSEL and MMF is lager than 5μm.
This paper numerically studied few-mode TFBG using Volume Current Method (VCM). Polarization dependent scattering (PDS) at some tilted angle were studied and the distribution of radiation field was numerically simulated. calculated Numerical results showed that when incident wavelengths near the resonant one, the power difference between radiation field of S and P polarization was much small for each mode.
KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Time-frequency analysis, Wavelet transforms, Signal processing, Signal attenuation, Gaussian pulse, Optical communications, Wavelets, Signal detection, Detection theory
Time-frequency analysis theory was used in this work to analyze chirped optical pulse signals produced in directly modulated semiconductor lasers or optical propagation channel. The partial characters of the chirped signals can be depicted at time domain and frequency domain simultaneously using these methods. For chirped gaussian pulse signals which are commonly used in optical communication, Short Time Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform as the examples of linear time frequency transform and Wigner-Ville
distribution as for nonlinear time-frequency transform are analytically presented. In the end, both advantages and disadvantages of the time-frequency analysis methods are compared.
In the paper, we present a novel method to measure modal power distribution (MPD) in few-mode and multimode fibers using embedded tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG). The TFBG can couple portion of the guided modes into the corresponding radiation modes, whose powers can be selectively measured through a spatial filter. For few mode fibers, the power coupling coefficients between guided modes and their corresponding radiation modes are obtained by solving a set of linear coupling equations acquired under different launching conditions at the fiber input. For multimode fibers, the power coupling coefficients can be measured separately under single mode-group excitation condition. Then, the powers of guided modes in a few-mode or multimode fiber under any excitation condition can be obtained by simply measuring the powers of radiation modes and calculated using the solved coupling coefficients. The proposed method is successfully demonstrated.
In this paper, the effects of the asymmetric refractive index change profile on the reflection spectra of multimode fiber Bragg gratings (MMFBGs) are experimentally and theoretically investigated. Different guided modes in a multimode fiber (MMF) are coupled with each other and the sub-reflection peaks are generated if the refractive index change profile of the MMFBG is asymmetric in the cross section of the fiber core. It is found that by increasing the UV exposure, the reflectivities of the main reflection peaks are decreased, the reflectivities of the sub-peaks are increased, even higher than the main reflection peaks, which indicate the grating becomes more asymmetric with increasing the UV exposure. It is further shown that an MMFBG is much more sensitive to the polarization state of the injected light compared with an SMFBG. The numerical simulations are carried out to explain the excitation condition dependence of the reflection spectra of MMFBG, which agree well with the experimental results.
Recently, multimode fiber (MMF) and components based on MMF have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in future optical access networks. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are considered to be key components in both telecommunication and sensing applications. Although single-mode fiber based FBGs (SMFBG) have been studied thoroughly, few studies have been reported on MMFBGs, mainly because of the complexity and multiple mode nature of the MMF.
In this paper, transmission and reflection spectra of MMFBGs are studied systematically. Relationships between transmission/reflection spectra and the excitation conditions are clearly demonstrated by observing the far-field pattern. Different launching methods including the lateral offset launching and angular offset launching and light sources with different spectrum width are used in experiments. Furthermore, the transmission/reflection spectra dependence on the polarization state of excitation light and asymmetric refractive index perturbation profile are studied in detail. Theoretical simulations are used to compare these experimental results.
2-dimensional (2-D) near hexagonal close packed optical fiber bundle (NHCP-OFB) is proposed for parallel optical interconnection (POI). Conventionally in 2-D POI, fibers must be accurately aligned to 2-D light sources and detectors using precisely fabricated hole-plate or stacked V-grooves. It is time consuming to thread each fiber into hole-plate, as well as precisely stack the V-grooves. For polymer optical fibers with large diameter, the whole dimension of the bundle may be too huge to connect ICs if they are positioned using V-grooves or hole-plate. The purpose of NHCP-OFB is to pack the fibers closely into a 2-D lattice, and precisely positioned them at the nodes of the lattice. Due to the fluctuation of the diameter of the commercial optical fibers, it can not be packed into perfect 2-D hexagonal close packed bundle. The proposed NHCP-OFB slightly stretch the perfect 2-D hexagonal close packed bundle in one dimension and still have all fibers packed tightly with high packing fraction. The position of fibers in NHCP-OFB is very important when aligned to 2-D light sources and detectors. This paper analytically analysis the positioning offset of fibers in NHCP-OFB. The possibility distribution of positioning offset is related to variance of fiber diameter and stretched length of NHCP-OFB. Experiment samples of NHCP-OFB have been made using polymer optical fiber showing that fibers can be precisely positioned.
This paper proposes a novel polymer optical fiber coupler, which use thin optical fiber bundle to split and combine the light between thick POFs. The advantages of the coupler over mixing rod coupler include reduced coupling loss, elimination of fiber bending loss, and flexible in design of splitting ration and number of ports. The construction of the coupler is described in detail. The design ofthe thin optical fiber bundle and the relationship between quantity of fibers in bundle and packing fraction are analyzed. 31-fibers bundle is found to be appropriate for constructing SBC. A directional coupler and a 4 X 4 star coupler are constructed as examples.
A novel low-cost 1í+7 plastic optical fiber coupler using cylindrical mixing-rod is proposed. Comparing with conventional tapered mixing-rod plastic optical fiber 1í+7 coupler, the proposed coupler, which uses cylindrical POF as mixing-rod instead of tapered POF in order to save the high demanding POF tapering process, is much lower at cost and only a little deteriorate at crosstalk. The increased crosstalk and its power penalty are theoretically calculated showing that crosstalk lower than 20dB results in insignificant power penalty. The coupler was experimentally tested showing an excess loss of less than 2.5dB and uniformity less than 3.56dB.
One of the key technologies of the application of POF in the LAN is the coupling of the source and the POF as well as between the POF. In this article, main and important properties, which have great influences on the coupling efficiency of POF, are studied and discussed in detail.
In this paper, an analytical model for the tapered coupler with large dimension is presented based on BPM. Affections of the length and the angle of the taper section for the coupler on the insert loss and split ratio are discussed in details. According to the results of simulations to the tapered couplers with different lengths and angles, some conclusions are obtained as follows: The amplitudes of the field vary with the change of the lengths and the angle of the coupler. And the center of the field deflects in the plane. According to the change of above relation, optimum length and angle are calculated. Aware with the influence caused by these parameters, it is practical significant to design the coupler in order to avoid the power loss.
Two fiber-optic cure sensors based on the refractive index measurement are presented. An optical fiber distal end reflectometer and a stripped claddind fiber refractive index sensor, both made by an optical fiber with the core refractive index of 1.558, are tried and tested to be calibrated and provide quantitative information during cure. The fiber reflectometer is confirmed to be suitable to be calibrated during cure and may be possible to provide quantitative cure extent when hybrided with an Optic Time Domain Reflector (OTDR). The stripped cladding refractive index sensor is found to be unsuitable for the purpose of being calibrated during cure.
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