Dr. Clarence P. Cain Profile

Dr. Clarence P. Cain

Principal Investigator at Northrop Grumman Systems Corp

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (50)

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2010 Open Access

Open Access

Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1940-nm continuous-wave laser exposures

Jeffrey Oliver, Semih Kumru, Robert Thomas, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Harvey Hodnett, Corey Harbert, Kurt Schuster, Michael Foltz, Clarence Cain, Isaac Noojin, C. Finkeldei, Gavin Buffington

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 06, 065008, (November 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3523622

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Skin, Data modeling, Thermal modeling, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Tissues, Absorption, Continuous wave operation, Laser tissue interaction

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Infrared laser damage thresholds for skin at wavelengths from 0.810 to 1.54 microns for femtosecond to microsecond pulse durations

Clarence Cain, William Roach, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Semih Kumru, Kevin Stockton, Justin Zohner, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6435, 64350W (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.715199

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Laser ablation, Femtosecond phenomena, Standards development, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Plasma, Visible radiation, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 6 February 2007 Paper

Paper

Comparative analysis of histological results of visible lesion thresholds for thermal and LIB induced skin damage at 1.3 μm and 1.5 μm

Justin Zohner, David Stolarski, Ginger Pocock, Jerry Cowart, Clifton Clark, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain, Semih Kumru, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 6435, 643504 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700405

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Plasma, Absorption, Biopsy, Laser tissue interaction, Tissues, Laser damage threshold, Injuries

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2006 Open Access

Open Access

Porcine skin visible lesion thresholds for near-infrared lasers including modeling at two pulse durations and spot sizes

Clarence Cain, Garrett Polhamus, William Roach, David Stolarski, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, Benjamin Rockwell, Bo Chen, Ashley Welch

JBO, Vol. 11, Issue 04, 041109, (July 2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2338815

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Laser safety, Thermal modeling, Infrared cameras, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Injuries, Standards development, Temperature metrology, Laser damage threshold

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2006 Open Access

Open Access

Visible lesion thresholds with pulse duration, spot size dependency, and model predictions for 1.54-µm, near-infrared laser pulses penetrating porcine skin

Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, Justin Zohner, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

JBO, Vol. 11, Issue 02, 024001, (March 2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2187987

KEYWORDS: Skin, Pulsed laser operation, Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Tissues, Eye, Q switched lasers, Laser energy, Standards development, Cornea

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2006 Paper

Paper

Visible lesion thresholds and model predictions for Q-switched 1318-nm and 1540-nm laser exposures to porcine skin

Justin Zohner, Kurt Schuster, Lucas Chavey, David Stolarski, Semih Kumru, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 6084, 60840E (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644757

KEYWORDS: Skin, Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Q switched lasers, Biopsy, Plasma, Pulsed laser operation, Beam splitters, Mirrors, Q switching

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2006 Paper

Paper

Functional and behavioral metrics for evaluating laser retinal damage

Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Martinsen, Thomas Garza, Andres Grado, Juan Morin, Araceli Brown, David Stolarski, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 6078, 607837 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652232

KEYWORDS: Eye, Injuries, Retina, Laser induced damage, Vitreous, Spatial frequencies, Medical research, Photography, Visualization, Pulsed laser operation

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Experimental and theoretical studies of broadband optical thermal damage to the retina

Robert Thomas, Gavin Buffington, Michael Edwards, Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5688, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589936

KEYWORDS: Retina, Laser damage threshold, Data modeling, Tissues, Eye, Tissue optics, Absorption, Transmittance, Eye models, Thermal modeling

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2005 Paper

Paper

ED50 study of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses on porcine skin

Semih Kumru, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, Michelle Imholte, Duane Cox, Carrie Crane, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5695, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.585036

KEYWORDS: Skin, Optical amplifiers, Atmospheric propagation, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Biopsy, Laser ablation, Laser systems engineering, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2005 Paper

Paper

Retinal injury resulting from simultaneous exposure to radiation from two lasers with different wavelengths

David Stolarski, Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, Michelle Imholte, Val Carothers, Gavin Buffington, Michael Edwards, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5695, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589373

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Retina, Eye, Thermal modeling, Absorption, Standards development, Cameras, Laser safety, Safety, Photography

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2004 Open Access

Open Access

Retinal response of Macaca mulatta to picosecond laser pulses of varying energy and spot size

William Roach, Clarence Cain, Drew Narayan, Gary Noojin, Stephen Boppart, Reginald Birngruber, James Fujimoto, Cynthia Toth

JBO, Vol. 9, Issue 06, (November 2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1805554

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Reflectivity, Retina, Injuries, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Picosecond phenomena, Tissues, Photomicroscopy, Eye, Laser energy

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Model predictions and measured skin damage thresholds for 1.54-um laser pulses in porcine skin

William Roach, Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Robert Galloway, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529398

KEYWORDS: Skin, Thermal modeling, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Neodymium, Laser safety, Mathematical modeling, Laser induced damage, Standards development, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Porcine skin thermal response to near-IR lasers using a fast infrared camera

Clarence Cain, Thomas Milner, Sergey Telenkov, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Chris Condit, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach, A. Welch

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529356

KEYWORDS: Skin, Temperature metrology, Infrared cameras, Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Absorption, Pulsed laser operation, Light scattering, Data modeling, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Paper

Retinal injury from simultaneous exposure to 532-nm and 860-nm laser irradiation

Kurt Schuster, William Roach, Garrett Polhamus, John Notabartolo, Cheryl DiCarlo, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Val Carothers, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 5319, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529431

KEYWORDS: Eye, Standards development, Laser irradiation, Beam splitters, Injuries, Retina, Cameras, Laser tissue interaction, Sensors, Photography

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2003 Paper

Paper

Model predictions and measured skin damage thresholds for 1.54-μm laser pulses in porcine skin

William Roach, James Thomas, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, David Stolarski, Michael Foltz, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 4961, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477656

KEYWORDS: Skin, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Injuries, Thermal modeling, Standards development, Mathematical modeling, Laser applications, Laser safety, Cornea

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2003 Paper

Paper

Measured skin damage thresholds for 1314-nm laser exposures

Cecilia Montes de Oca, Clarence Cain, Kurt Schuster, Kevin Stockton, James Thomas, Thomas Eggleston, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 4953, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477902

KEYWORDS: Skin, Biopsy, Laser safety, Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Standards development, Laser systems engineering, Injuries, Cornea, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2003 Paper

Paper

Model predictions of ocular injury from 1315-nm laser light

Garrett Polhamus, Joseph Zuclich, Clarence Cain, Robert Thomas, Michael Foltz

Proceedings Volume 4953, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.476894

KEYWORDS: Injuries, Eye models, Data modeling, Cornea, Retina, Absorption, Thermal modeling, Laser safety, Mathematical modeling, Process modeling

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Proceedings Article | 20 June 2003 Paper

Paper

Comparative analysis of spot size dependence for lesions produced by infrared laser pulses

James Thomas, Clarence Cain, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Kurt Schuster, Thomas Eggleston, Kevin Stockton, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 4953, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.476885

KEYWORDS: Skin, Laser damage threshold, Eye models, Standards development, Mathematical modeling, Electro optical modeling, Thermal modeling, Laser safety, Infrared lasers, Laser systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 19 June 2003 Paper

Paper

LIB thresholds at 44 fs, 810 nm, for chirped and nonchirped laser pulses

Clarence Cain, Robert Thomas, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Gavin Buffington, Paul Kennedy, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4978, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478592

KEYWORDS: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Laser damage threshold, Dispersion, Eye, Glasses, Water, Refraction, Laser induced damage, Pulsed laser operation, Medium wave

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2001 Paper

Paper

Comparative study of ocular damage thresholds from continuous-wave and femtosecond mode-locked lasers

Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Rebecca Hall, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 4246, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.426723

KEYWORDS: Mode locking, Laser damage threshold, Continuous wave operation, Pulsed laser operation, Standards development, Laser safety, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2001 Paper

Paper

Effects of dispersion and aberrations in ocular focusing of femtosecond pulses and the impact on damage mechanisms

Jesse Shaver, Gavin Buffington, Benjamin Rockwell, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski

Proceedings Volume 4347, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.425047

KEYWORDS: Laser induced damage, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Ultrafast phenomena, Eye models, Eye, Femtosecond phenomena, Dispersion, Laser safety, Pulsed laser operation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2000 Open Access

Open Access

Comparison of macular versus paramacular retinal sensitivity to femtosecond laser pulses

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Robert Thomas, Gary Noojin, Val Carothers, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 5, Issue 03, (July 2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.430002

KEYWORDS: Eye, Macula, Retina, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Photography, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser safety, Standards development, Laser systems engineering

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 1999 Open Access

Open Access

Comparative study of laser damage threshold energies in the artificial retina

Dale Payne, Richard Hopkins, Brent Eilert, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain, Gordon Hengst, Paul Kennedy, Thomas Jost, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 4, Issue 03, (July 1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.429935

KEYWORDS: Retina, Eye, Laser damage threshold, Pulsed laser operation, Near infrared, Microscopes, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Femtosecond phenomena, Particles, Ultrafast phenomena

Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Multiple pulse thresholds in live eyes for ultrashort laser pulses in the near infrared

David Stolarski, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Gary Noojin, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350009

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Standards development, Macula, Ultrafast phenomena, Eye, Femtosecond phenomena, Retina, Pulsed laser operation, Picosecond phenomena, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Comparison of retinal damage thresholds of laser pulses in the macula/paramacula regions of the live eye

Gary Noojin, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350036

KEYWORDS: Macula, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Laser induced damage, Retina, Laser systems engineering, Optical amplifiers, Femtosecond phenomena, Oscillators, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Histopathology of ultrashort pulsed laser retinal damage: changing retinal pathology with variation in spot size for near-infrared laser lesions

Cynthia Toth, Katrina Winter, Michelle Norton McCall, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350027

KEYWORDS: Pulsed laser operation, Injuries, Near infrared, Retina, Photography, Laser induced damage, Laser tissue interaction, Ultrafast phenomena, Eye, Angiography

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Methods of achieving three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue at the ultrastructural level demonstrating the distribution of melanosomes within retinal pigment epithelium

Cynthia Toth, Ewa Worniallo, Sarah Bailey, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349998

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Transmission electron microscopy, 3D image processing, Confocal microscopy, Microscopy, 3D modeling, Laser tissue interaction, Electron microscopy, Microscopes, 3D image reconstruction

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Retinal damage mechanisms and safety for ultrashort laser exposure

Benjamin Rockwell, Cynthia Toth, William Roach, Dale Payne, Richard Hopkins, Paul Kennedy, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349987

KEYWORDS: Laser safety, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Safety, Near infrared, Pulsed laser operation, Standards development

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Proceedings Article | 4 June 1999 Paper

Paper

Safe use of ultrashort lasers

Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain, William Roach, Robert Thomas

Proceedings Volume 3616, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.351838

KEYWORDS: Laser safety, Laser systems engineering, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Retina, Ultrafast phenomena, Safety, Pulsed laser operation, Eye, Standards development

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Retinal damage mechanisms from ultrashort laser exposure

Benjamin Rockwell, Dale Payne, Richard Hopkins, Daniel Hammer, Paul Kennedy, Rodney Amnotte, Brent Eilert, Jeffrey Druessel, Cynthia Toth, William Roach, Shana Phillips, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 3255, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308221

KEYWORDS: Pulsed laser operation, Eye, Laser safety, Ultrafast phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced damage, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Standards development, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Visible-lesion threshold dependency on retinal spot size for ultrashort laser pulses in the near infrared

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Dale Payne, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3254, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308156

KEYWORDS: Retina, Laser damage threshold, Eye, Angiography, Photography, Near infrared, Ultrafast phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Cornea, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1998 Paper

Paper

Windows of opportunity: applying ultrashort laser pulses for selective tissue effects

Cynthia Toth, Eric Chiu, Katrina Winter, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, William Roach, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3254, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308155

KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Retina, Injuries, Laser energy, Laser tissue interaction, Pulsed laser operation, Argon ion lasers, In vivo imaging, Vitreous, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 14 January 1998 Paper

Paper

Femtosecond laser pulses in the near-infrared produce visible lesions in the primate eye

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 3195, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.297885

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Eye, Angiography, Visible radiation, Laser systems engineering, Nd:YAG lasers, Laser damage threshold, Laser safety, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Measurement of the self-focusing threshold in aqueous media by ultrashort laser pulses

Daniel Hammer, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Richard Hopkins, Paul Kennedy, Jeffrey Druessel, Benjamin Rockwell, Ashley Welch, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275472

KEYWORDS: Laser damage threshold, Picosecond phenomena, Laser induced damage, Eye, Ultrafast phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Medium wave, Pulsed laser operation, Eye models, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Visible lesion thresholds from near-infrared pico- and nanosecond laser pulses in the primate eye

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Noojin, Rodney Amnotte, Val Caruthers, Benjamin Rockwell

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275467

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Eye, Laser damage threshold, Angiography, Photography, Nd:YAG lasers, Retina, Mode locking, Visible radiation, Laser safety

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Optical coherence tomography of the retinal response to ultrashort laser pulses

Cynthia Toth, Drew Narayan, William Roach, Reginald Birngruber, Stephen Boppart, Michael Hee, Cheryl DiCarlo, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, James Fujimoto

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275466

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Reflectivity, Injuries, Retina, Ultrafast phenomena, Picosecond phenomena, Tissue optics, Laser tissue interaction, Pulsed laser operation, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Paper

Retinal spot size with wavelength

Benjamin Rockwell, Daniel Hammer, Paul Kennedy, Rodney Amnotte, Brent Eilert, Jeffrey Druessel, Dale Payne, Shana Phillips, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Robert Thomas, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2975, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275470

KEYWORDS: Retina, Chromatic aberrations, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Eye, Refractive index, In vivo imaging, Laser damage threshold, Eye models, Absorption, Animal model studies

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 1997 Paper

Paper

Digital imaging-based retinal photocoagulation system

Steven Barrett, Cameron Wright, Erik Oberg, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain, Henry Rylander, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 2971, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275102

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Retina, In vivo imaging, Cameras, Video, Computing systems, Argon ion lasers, Prototyping, Blood vessels, Laser coagulation

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 1997 Paper

Paper

Ultrashort-laser-pulse retinal damage

Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach, Dale Payne, Paul Kennedy, Jeffrey Druessel, Rodney Amnotte, Brent Eilert, Shana Phillips, David Stolarski, Gary Noojin, Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth

Proceedings Volume 2974, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275228

KEYWORDS: Eye, Information operations, Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Ultrafast phenomena, Wave propagation, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Retina, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser safety

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 January 1997 Open Access

Open Access

Artificial eye for in vitro experiments of laser light interaction with aqueous media

Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, Daniel Hammer, Robert Thomas, Benjamin Rockwell

JBO, Vol. 2, Issue 01, (January 1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.261683

KEYWORDS: Eye, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Dispersion, Laser damage threshold, Plasma, Laser scattering, Supercontinuum generation, Pulsed laser operation, In vivo imaging, Retina

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Integrated computer-aided retinal photocoagulation system

Steven Barrett, Cameron Wright, Erik Oberg, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain, Maya Jerath, Henry Rylander, Ashley Welch

Proceedings Volume 2673, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.240060

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Argon ion lasers, System integration, Retina, Computing systems, Cameras, Laser coagulation, Pulsed laser operation, Control systems, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Subnanosecond single laser pulse minimum-visible-lesion studies in the near infrared

William Roach, Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Rodney Amnotte, Val Caruthers, Benjamin Rockwell, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239597

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Near infrared, Visible radiation, Standards development, Laser safety, Retina, Photography, Laser systems engineering, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

In-vivo laser-induced bubbles in the primate eye with femtosecond pulses

Clarence Cain, Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Noojin, Rodney Amnotte, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239599

KEYWORDS: Eye, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Retina, Video, Femtosecond phenomena, Vitreous, In vivo imaging, Eye models, Laser damage threshold, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Histopathology of ultrashort-laser-pulse retinal damage

Cynthia Toth, Drew Narayan, Catherine Osborne, Benjamin Rockwell, Cindy Stein, Rodney Amnotte, Cheryl DiCarlo, William Roach, Gary Noojin, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2681, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.239598

KEYWORDS: Laser tissue interaction, Picosecond phenomena, Retina, Laser energy, Ultrafast phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Eye, Laser safety, Blood, Vitreous

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Paper

In vivo imaging of the development of linear and nonlinear retinal laser effects using optical coherence tomography in correlation with histopathological findings

Reginald Birngruber, Michael Hee, Stephen Boppart, James Fujimoto, Eric Swanson, Cynthia Toth, Cheryl DiCarlo, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2391, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209892

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Eye, In vivo imaging, Argon ion lasers, Nonlinear optics, Laser optics, Tissues, Image resolution, Injuries

Read Abstract +

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new, non-invasive diagnostic technique for high resolution optical 3D imaging, which was developed and applied to several different biological materials during the lasi; five years [1, 2, 3]. A unique application ofthis technique is the microscopical cross-sectional imaging ofpostenor structures ofthe eye which are not accessable with other high resolution techniques in-vivo neither with x-ray-imaging nor with high frequency ultrasound scanning. The superior spatial resolution on the order ofabout lOtm laterally and axially, the high signal-to-noise ratio ofmore than 100 db and the fast acquisition-time of one second for a two dimensional scan provides a technique for cross-sectional in-vivo-momtoring ofintraocular structures and therefore the possibility to study the time course of anatomical and pathological developments in the eye. The acute morphological changes of ocular structures and their biological healing response after shortterm impacts such as high-intensity laser exposures are ofparticular interest for the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for therapeutic laser-application in ophthal-mology as well as for laser injury to the eye. A correlation between cross-sectional OCT-images and structural findings using classical histopathological techniques facilitates a better interpretation ofthe characteristic patterns seen in OCTimages and defines the sensitivity ofthe OCT-technique to image morphological details. On the other hand preparational artefacts not avoidable in all histological procedures can be identified and analyzed by comparing histological micrographs with OCT-images of exactly the same structure. First results of an experimental study where retinal effects were produced in monkey eyes using laser pulses from 200 ms to 130 fs in duration are presented in this article. The applied energies from 5tJ to 50 mJ were able to induce the whole spectrum of biological effects possible in the eye, ranging from intraretinal microruptures to extensive thermal denaturation and massive preretinal hemorrhages [4, 5, 6].

Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Paper

In vivo laser-induced breakdown in the rabbit eye

Clarence Cain, Cheryl DiCarlo, Paul Kennedy, Gary Noojin, Rodney Amnotte, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2391, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209913

KEYWORDS: Eye, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Vitreous, In vivo imaging, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Eye models, Video, Retina, Pulsed laser operation

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 1995 Paper

Paper

Retinal threshold studies for nanosecond and picosecond visible laser pulses

William Roach, Cheryl DiCarlo, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Rodney Amnotte, Audrey Smith, Mark Rogers, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2391, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209871

KEYWORDS: Picosecond phenomena, Standards development, Laser damage threshold, Photography, Laser safety, Retina, Nd:YAG lasers, Eye, Visible radiation, Cornea

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Paper

Femtosecond laser threshold: retinal damage versus induced breakdown mechanisms

Clarence Cain, Cynthia Toth, Cindy Stein, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell, Stephen Boppart, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182940

KEYWORDS: Eye, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Vitreous, Water, Laser induced damage

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Paper

Retinal hemorrhagic lesions from femtosecond visible laser pulses

Cindy Stein, Cynthia Toth, Clarence Cain, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Benjamin Rockwell, William Roach

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182946

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Femtosecond phenomena, Eye, In vivo imaging, Eye models

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Paper

Minimum visible retinal lesions from pico- and femtosecond laser pulses

William Roach, Cynthia Toth, Cindy Stein, Gary Noojin, David Stolarski, Clarence Cain

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182931

KEYWORDS: Femtosecond phenomena, Picosecond phenomena, Laser damage threshold, Retina, Angiography, Astatine

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