Heritage science aims to study cultural heritage objects through the developing and studying conservation issues to advise new restauration approach. In addition, the development of new tools is one of the major accesses, which allows to increase knowledge in archaeology and to characterize the materials. This paper is focused on the development of a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy-Laser-Induced Fluorescence-Raman Spectroscopy (LIBS-LIF-Raman) portable instrument for supporting conservation campaigns when extensive measurements and on-site decision-making in cultural heritage. Such a multi-analytical prototype instrument is able to combine these three laser-based spectroscopic techniques to simultaneously provide complementary elemental and molecular information from the same analysis point. To that purpose, different laser sources, appropriate optics and detection modules have to be examined in order to integrate them on a mobile platform.
Terahertz time-domain imaging (THz-TDI) and Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) are two investigation methods capable of providing 3D datasets from which depth profiles, cross-sectional images, plan-type images and volume rendering of an object can be derived. These novel photonic technologies are extremely relevant to the field of heritage science, for which the comprehension of the stratigraphic structure of a cultural heritage object may help in the understanding of its manufacturing technology and state of preservation. Different imaging depths, fields of view and axial/lateral resolutions characterize the two imaging technologies, which thus provide different but complementary information of the same scanned object. In this study we show how the THz-TDI and SD-OCT scans performed on a fragment from the underside of an Egyptian coffin (Theban area, 21st/22nd Dynasties, Egyptian Antiquities department of the Louvre museum, Paris, France) gave precious insights on its full structure and stratigraphy.
Art conservation terahertz (THz) diagnostics is an increasing field since THz imaging systems are commercially available. Since most of these experiment are done using femtosecond laser base time domain systems, we present in this paper how we can use frequency modulated continuous wave system to evaluate painting during restoration process.
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