We present Genie Pro, a new software tool for image analysis produced by the ISIS (Intelligent Search in Images and Signals) group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Like the earlier GENIE tool produced by the same group, Genie Pro is a general purpose adaptive tool that derives automatic pixel classification algorithms for satellite/aerial imagery, from training input provided by a human expert. Genie Pro is a complete rewrite of our earlier work that incorporates many new ideas and concepts. In particular, the new software integrates spectral information; and spatial cues such as texture, local morphology and large-scale shape information; in a much more sophisticated way. In addition, attention has been paid to how the human expert interacts with the software: Genie Pro facilitates highly efficient training through an interactive and iterative “training dialog”. Finally, the new software runs on both Linux and Windows platforms, increasing its versatility. We give detailed descriptions of the new techniques and ideas in Genie Pro, and summarize the results of a recent evaluation of the software.
We present ZEUS, an algorithm for extracting features from images and time series signals. ZEIS is designed to solve a variety of machine learning problems including time series forecasting, signal classification, image and pixel classification of multispectral and panchromatic imagery. An evolutionary approach is used to extract features from a near-infinite space of possible combinations of nonlinear operators. Each problem type (i.e. signal or image, regression or classification, multiclass or binary) has its own set of primitive operators. We employ fairly generic operators, but note that the choice of which operators to use provides an opportunity to consult with a domain expert. Each feature is produced from a composition of some subset of these primitive operators. The fitness for an evolved set of features is given by the performance of a back-end classifier (or regressor) on training data. We demonstrate our multimodal approach to feature extraction on a variety of problems in remote sensing. The performance of this algorithm will be compared to standard approaches, and the relative benefit of various aspects of the algorithm will be investigated.
We introduce an algorithm for classifying time series data. Since our initial application is for lightning data, we call the algorithm Zeus. Zeus is a hybrid algorithm that employs evolutionary computation for feature extraction, and a support vector machine for the final backend classification. Support vector machines have a reputation for classifying in high-dimensional spaces without overfitting, so the utility of reducing dimensionality with an intermediate feature selection step has been questioned. We address this question by testing Zeus on a lightning classification task using data acquired from the Fast On-orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite.
Feature extraction from imagery is an important and long-standing problem in remote sensing. In this paper, we report on work using genetic programming to perform feature extraction simultaneously from multispectral and digital elevation model (DEM) data. We use the GENetic Imagery Exploitation (GENIE) software for this purpose, which produces image-processing software that inherently combines spatial and spectral processing. GENIE is particularly useful in exploratory studies of imagery, such as one often does in combining data from multiple sources. The user trains the software by painting the feature of interest with a simple graphical user interface. GENIE then uses genetic programming techniques to produce an image-processing pipeline. Here, we demonstrate evolution of image processing algorithms that extract a range of land cover features including towns, wildfire burnscars, and forest. We use imagery from the DOE/NNSA Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) spacecraft, fused with USGS 1:24000 scale DEM data.
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