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A first step to improve the overall quality of the measurements is the calibration of the camera. There is a vast literature and well-stablished techniques concerning radiometric calibration (2D information). However, for time-of-flight (3D information) the subject remains open to improvement and dependent upon the specific characteristics of the detector. In this article we propose a calibration scheme for CEA-LETI’s LiDAR that combines both intensity, range accuracy and range precision calibration and presents the first enhanced results based on data acquired under laboratory conditions.
This project is a partnership between ESA and CEA-LETI aiming the design of a LiDAR system based on a custom MCTAPD FPA (Avalanche PhotoDiode Focal Plane Array) detector developed by CEA-LETI and the formulation of a set of imaging processing algorithms. The target is to demonstrate the potential of such detector technology and to evaluate the performances of the full system chain in the frame of the targeted application. In the future, a validation campaign on a real terrain, at ESA’s campsite, will be performed to demonstrate the system in a close-to-real configuration.
In this communication we report the performances of a SWIR APD FPA designed and fabricated by CEA LETI and SOFRADIR for astrophysical applications. This development was made in the frame of RAPID, a 4 years R&D project funded by the French FUI (Fond Unique Interministériel). This project involves industrial and academic partners from the field of advanced infrared focal plane arrays fabrication (SOFRADIR and CEA LETI) and of astronomical/defense institutes (IPAG, LAM, ONERA). The goal of this program is to develop a fast and low noise SWIR camera for astronomical fast applications like adaptive optics wavefront sensing and fringe tracking for astronomical interferometers [3].
The first batch of FPA’s was based on liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) grown photodiode arrays with 3 μm cut off wavelength. In order to get higher avalanche gain for a given photodiode reverse bias voltage, we have made a second batch with a cadmium composition leading to 3.3 μm cut off wavelength (λc). This paper described the read out circuit in the next section. The aim section III is to find the critical parameter that has to be measured to evaluate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of an APD FPA. The main electro optical characteristics of an FPA based on 3.3μm cut off wavelength APDs are reported in “Rapid FPAs characterisation” section. The dark current evolution with temperature of a 3 μm FPA high and low APD bias is also detailed in this section.
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