An alternative method to plasmon techniques for the enhancement, control and detection of fluorescence is proposed.
The role of the metallic layer is played by a silicon-based one-dimensional photonic crystal that can sustain Bloch
surface waves (BSWs), which can be regarded as the dielectric analogue of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) for
metals. Throughout the paper we explore the route that leads to an enhanced, directionally-controlled and selfreferencing
fluorescence-detection scheme. We first consider a 1DPC that is functionalized with a thin, flat and
homogeneous polymeric layer decorated with a fluorescent dye. The enhancement of the BSW-coupled fluorescence
emission is studied against a similar scheme that uses a common thin glass coveslip. An enhancement as large as 560 is
found. We further investigate the BSW coupling of the illuminating laser light into 30-nm thin polymeric waveguides.
Imaging the BSW-coupled emitted fluorescence through the leakage radiation microscopy is used for the purpose. The
possibility of coupling BSWs into nanometric guiding ridges makes feasible the design of a spatially-resolved and
multiplexing fluorescence-detection scheme, which can be most useful for self-referencing in the biosensing field. We
conclude the paper by investigating the effects on the fluorescence emission of a multistack that consists of a dielectric
multilayer and a thin metallic layer deposited on top. The implications of using a metallo-dielectric structure for the
coupling of the emitted fluorescence with BSW and SPP modes is discussed.
The Rhodamine 6G fluorescence enhanced by the surface electromagnetic waves coupled on surface of 1D
photonic crystals is studied. The fluorescence-mediated surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) distribution
is visualized by means of far-field fluorescence microscopy. The kinetics of Rhodamine 6G bleaching due to
SEW is studied. The way of SEW visualization in reflectivity spectra via fluorescence process is shown. The
prospective for SEW application in the optical sensors field is tested via direct spectroscopy of the photonic
crystal covered by the ethanol and R6G thin film. Spectral flexibility of the SEW excitation depending
on the effective photonic crystal dispersion controlled by its design rather than on material dispersion opens
prospectives for the application of SEW-enhanced fluorescence microscopy in biocensing with increased spatial
and concentration sensitivity and spectral selectivity.
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