In this paper, we report a Sagnac interferometer based velocimeter with a resolution of 0.3micrometers /s. The sensor is constructed from commercially available telecommunication single mode fibers. A sensing probe is inserted on one side of the Sagnac loop to illuminate a test surface and to couple light back to the coil. Nonreciprocal phase shift appears between the counter-propagating waves when the surface is moving away or towards the sensing probe. A number of single-no-noise-ratio enhancing techniques have been employed and a nanopositioner is also used to provide a known velocity to test the sensor response. Our experimental result have shown a linear relationship between the applied velocity and the senor response within the nanopositioner restricted measurement range of 20micrometers /s.
We report a fiber optical nanometer range position sensor based on reciprocal interferometry, a concept of import in interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes. The configuration resembles a modified Michelson interferometer with only one of the two arms used. The principle of operation is the interference between the reflected light wave from the fiber end and that from a reflective object. As both the reference and the sensing light waves shares the expected interference behavior, which agrees well with its mathematical simulation. A position sensing resolution of about 20 nm, which is limited by the choice of available components, has been demonstrated. The systems immunity to the influence of temperature change has also been verified.
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