Software-Defined Networking paradigm has becoming one of the most studied network concept thanks to its main characteristics: open and programmable. SDN suggests a centralized approach of the network intelligence decoupling the packet forwarding process (Data Plane) from the routing process (Control Plane) in the network devices. Hence the switches only have packet forwarding capability and cannot make any routing decisions, while decision making is done by the controller. OpenFlow is the most popular protocol used to help the switches and the controller to communicate. So, the controller can instruct the forwarding devices through a flow table logic that differs from the traditional destination-based forwarding to a more efficient generalized-based forwarding. This paper want to present an example of software application that runs on the controller and instructs the network to find the shortest path between each node. An implementation of Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford algorithms on a Ryu SDN controller is presented and a comparison between these two approaches is provided.
KEYWORDS: Sensor networks, Sensors, Internet of things, Data communications, Social networks, Environmental sensing, Data acquisition, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Network architectures, Head
Drones can be a candidate technology to support on-demand connectivity in scenarios where networking infrastructure can be difficult to deploy or can be expensive. In a context where many terrestrial nodes such as IoT devices need to send data about environment, drones can move in the considered area to collect data sensed by IoT devices. In this case, Delay Tolerant Network is an architecture that can support the intermittent communication between drones and IoT devices and huge amount of data can be collected and forwarded to remote servers to be analyzed. At this purpose, social paradigm and opportunistic communication between IoT devices and Drones can improve the data collection process. Social rank in the IoT networks is considered as a metric to drive the Drone path planning for providing an efficient connectivity and coverage.
KEYWORDS: Network security, Computer security, Systems modeling, Data communications, Space robots, Cryptography, Telecommunications, Sensors, Reconnaissance, Radio propagation
Cyber-physical security is gaining a lot of interest in the last years. In this paper, a focus on security in robots’ coordination is addressed. When multiple robots need to perform a complex task, they need to coordinate between them and in this case implicit and explicit communication can be applied. We considered the problem of unknown area discovery with a collaborative map building among robots. In this case, robots can build autonomously part of the map and they can share their knowledge with other robots. The communication among robots can be guaranteed through network interface but it is important to consider possible security threats that can arise. The following paper proposes the integration security module over well-known simulators such as ROS and GAZEBO with the purpose to support technicians in the evaluation of novel coordination strategies to propose also form the security point of view.
The Ocean plays a critical role in our everyday life and in the future of our planet. Recently, there has been a growing interest in Underwater Acoustic (UWA) sensor networks for a wide range of collaborative applications.In order to allow these applications, the aspects of physical phenomena affecting acoustic channel and restricting the range and bandwidth for the reliable communications cannot be neglected. Our paper discusses about a high level channel model based on Markov Chain approach for the underwater environment. Finite State Markov Model is developed for Packet Error Rate (PER) evaluation in an underwater channel, using the concept of error trace analysis.
In the last years the physical security in transportation systems is becoming a critical issue due to the high number of accidents and emergency situations. With the increasing availability of technological applications in vehicular environments researchers aimed at minimizing the probability of road accidents. In this paper, we propose a new platform able to discover dangerous driving behaviors. We based our application on the on-board diagnosis standard, able to provide all the needed information directly from the electronic vehicle control unit . We integrated the received data with a fuzzy logic approach, obtaining a description of the driver behavior. The overall system can take several initiatives (alarms, rpm corrections, etc.), in order to notify the driver bad behavior. The performance of the proposed scheme has been validated through a deep campaign of driving simulations.
In this paper some of the motivations for energy-efficient communications in wireless systems are described by highlighting emerging trends and identifying some challenges that need to be addressed to enable novel, scalable and energy-efficient communications. So an architecture for Internet of Things systems is presented, the purpose of which is to minimize energy consumption by communication devices, protocols, networks, end-user systems and data centers. Some electrical devices have been designed with multiple communication interfaces, such as RF or WiFi, using open source technology; they have been analyzed under different working conditions. Some devices are programmed to communicate directly with a web server, others to communicate only with a special device that acts as a bridge between some devices and the web server. Communication parameters and device status have been changed dynamically according to different scenarios in order to have the most benefits in terms of energy cost and battery lifetime. So the way devices communicate with the web server or between each other and the way they try to obtain the information they need to be always up to date change dynamically in order to guarantee always the lowest energy consumption, a long lasting battery lifetime, the fastest responses and feedbacks and the best quality of service and communication for end users and inner devices of the system.
KEYWORDS: Robots, Land mines, Environmental sensing, Wireless communications, Mining, Mining, Land mines, Mobile robots, Sensors, Systems modeling, Tolerancing, Mobile communications
Coordination among multiple robots has been extensively studied, since a number of practical real problem s can be performed using an effective approach. In this paper is investigated a collective task that requires a multi-robot system to search for randomly distributed mines in an unknown environment and disarm them cooperatively. The communication among the swarm of robots influences the overall performance in terms of time to execute the task or consumed energy. To address this problem, a new distributed recruiting protocol to coordinate a swarm of robots in demining mission, is described. This problem is a multi-objective problem and two bio inspired strategies are used. The novelty of this approach lies in the combination of direct and indirect communication: on one hand an indirect communication among robots is used for the exploration of the environment, on the other hand a novel protocol is used to accomplish the recruiting and coordination of the robots for demining task. This protocol attempts to tackle the question of how autonomous robot can coordinate themselves into an unknown environment relying on simple low-level capabilities. The strategy is able to adapt the current system dynamics if the number of robots or the environment structure or both change. The proposed approach has been implemented and has been evaluated in several simulated environments. We analyzed the impact of our approach in the overall performance of a robot team. Experimental results indicated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed protocol to spread the robots in the environment.
MANETs allow mobile nodes communicating to each other using the wireless medium. A key aspect of these kind of networks is the security, because their setup is done without an infrastructure, so external nodes could interfere in the communication. Mobile nodes could be compromised, misbehaving during the multi-hop transmission of data, or they could have a selfish behavior to save energy, which is another important constraint in MANETs. The detection of these behaviors need a framework that takes into account the latest interactions among nodes, so malicious or selfish nodes could be detected also if their behavior is changed over time. The monitoring activity increases the energy consumption, so our proposal takes into account this issue reducing the energy required by the monitoring system, keeping the effectiveness of the intrusion detection system. The results show an improvement in the saved energy, improving the detection performance too.
Nowadays one of the main task of technology is to make people's life simpler and easier. Ambient intelligence is an emerging discipline that brings intelligence to environments making them sensitive to us. This discipline has developed following the spread of sensors devices, sensor networks, pervasive computing and artificial intelligence. In this work, we attempt to enhance the Internet Of Things (loT) with intelligence and environments exploring various interactions between humans' beings and the environment they live in. In particular, the core of the system is composed of an automation system, which is made up with a domotic control unit and several sensors installed in the environment. The task of the sensors is to collect information from the environment and to send them to the control unit. Once the information is collected, the core combines them in order to infer the most accurate human needs. The knowledge of human needs and the current environment status compose the inputs of the intelligence block whose main goal is to find the right automations to satisfy human needs in a real time way. The system also provides a Speech Recognition service which allow users to interact with the system by their voice so human speech can be considered as additional input for smart automatisms.
Nowadays the focus on power consumption represent a very important factor regarding the reduction of power consumption with correlated costs and the environmental sustainability problems. Automatic control load based on power consumption and use cycle represents the optimal solution to costs restraint. The purpose of these systems is to modulate the power request of electricity avoiding an unorganized work of the loads, using intelligent techniques to manage them based on real time scheduling algorithms. The goal is to coordinate a set of electrical loads to optimize energy costs and consumptions based on the stipulated contract terms. The proposed algorithm use two new main notions: priority driven loads and smart scheduling loads. The priority driven loads can be turned off (stand by) according to a priority policy established by the user if the consumption exceed a defined threshold, on the contrary smart scheduling loads are scheduled in a particular way to don’t stop their Life Cycle (LC) safeguarding the devices functions or allowing the user to freely use the devices without the risk of exceeding the power threshold. The algorithm, using these two kind of notions and taking into account user requirements, manages loads activation and deactivation allowing the completion their operation cycle without exceeding the consumption threshold in an off-peak time range according to the electricity fare. This kind of logic is inspired by industrial lean manufacturing which focus is to minimize any kind of power waste optimizing the available resources.
New applications in wireless environments are increasing and keeping even more interests from the developer companies and researchers. In particular, in these last few years the government and institutional organization for road safety spent a lot of resources and money to promote Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) technology, also car manufactures are giving a lot of contributions on this field as well. In our paper, we propose an innovative system to increase road safety, matching the requests of the market allowing a cooperation between on-board devices. The vehicles are equipped with On Board Unit (OBU) and On Board Radar Unit (OBRU), which can spread alerting messages around the network regarding warning and dangerous situations exploiting IEEE802.llp standard. Vehicles move along roads observing the environment, traffic and road conditions, and vehicles parameters as well. These information can be elaborated and shared between neighbors, Road Side Unit (RSU)s and, of course, with Internet, allowing inter-system communications exploiting an Road Traffic Manager (RTM). Radar systems task it the detection of the environment in order to increase the knowledge of current conditions of the roads, for example it is important to identify obstacles, road accidents, dangerous situations and so on. Once detected exploiting onboard devices, such as Global Position System (GPS) receiver it is possible to know the exact location of the caught event and after a data elaboration the information is spread along the network. Once the drivers are advised, they can make some precautionary actions such as reduction of traveling speed or modification of current road path. In this work the routing algorithms, which have the main goal to rapidly disseminate information, are also been investigated.
Domestic environment and human interaction with services supplied by domotic devices is going to be a very interesting application field. With a domotic system is possible to achieve great interaction between human beings, environments and smart devices. The enhancing of these interactions is the main goal of this work whose intent is to improve the classic concept of domotics. The framework we developed can be used for several application fields such as lighting, heating, conditioning or water management and energy consumption. In particular, the proposed system can optimize energy consumptions by rising awareness to users that have full control of their house and the possibility to save money and reduce the impact of the energetic consumes to the earth, matching the new "green" motto requirements. In this way, the overall system wants to match the central concept of Internet Of Things (IoT) as well. From this point of view a complex automation system with smart devices make possible a more efficient way to produce, follow and manage domotic policies. Following the spread of IoT, for this work we designed and implemented new plug-and-play and ready-to-use smart devices that are part of a complex automation system that offers a user-friendly web application and allows users to control and interact with different plans of their house in order to make life more comfortable and be aware of their energy consumptions. Control and awareness arc the two key points that led us to develop the proposed system.
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