Metamaterials provide unique opportunities for manipulation of dispersion of light waves and, therefore, polarisation and phase, as well as amplitude of transmitted and reflected waves. Here we report on using linear and nonlinear properties of nanorod and nanotube based metamaterials for shaping ultrashort optical pulses. Intensity limiters, temporal pulse shape control, as well as polarisation switching will be presented. The role on nonlocal effects in pulse propagation in metamaterials will be discussed. Using nanotube based metamaterials allows to introduce additional degree of freedom for passive and active tunability of the optical response.
Plasmonic metamaterials are artificial structures whose optical response can be tailored to achieve several effects by playing with the geometrical parameters of the components. In this talk, we discuss how to apply the metamaterial design rules to develop band-stop linear filters and nonlinear filters, operating as intensity limiters. In both regimes, the filters share some common qualities: their optical response does not change for a broad range of incidence angles, at least up to 30 degrees, and is only weakly dependent on the polarisation of the incident light. These properties make these ultrathin filters useful in open field applications. The metamaterial is based on an array of gold nanotubes (i.e., a cylindrical gold shell with a dielectric core) embedded in a dielectric matrix. In the linear regime, the metamaterial displays an absorption resonance independent of the polarisation and the angle of incidence of the light, which can be tuned throughout the visible spectral range by changing the geometrical parameters of the array. In the nonlinear regime - based on free-electron Au nonlinearity and tested with ns-long pulses at 532 nm - the metamaterial limits the output peak fluence, keeping it constant across several order of magnitudes of the incoming fluence. The proposed metamaterial approach can be useful for designing optical spectral filters and intensity limiters over broad range of wavelengths.
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