Dr. George P. Eppeldauer Profile

Dr. George P. Eppeldauer

Electronics Engineer at National Institute of Standards and Technology

SPIE Involvement:

Author | Instructor

Publications (36)

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 6, 2017

Low-NEP pyroelectric detectors for calibration of UV and IR sources and detectors

Proc. SPIE. 10378, Sixteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems

KEYWORDS: Infrared sensors, Light emitting diodes, Sensors, Calibration, Solid state lighting, Ultraviolet radiation, Spectral calibration, pyroelectric detectors

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Pyroelectric radiometers with spectrally constant response have been developed at NIST with the cooperation of a few detector manufacturers. The new devices have noise-equivalent-power (NEP) values less than 1 nW/Hz^1/2 sufficiently low for use at the output of regular monochromators. Their response flatness is an order of magnitude better than that of filtered Si detectors and can be used to realize simple and low-uncertainty responsivity scales for the UV and IR wavelength ranges. For the first time, the UV irradiance responsivity of a pyroelectric detector has been determined. Based on spectral reflectance measurements of the black coating of the pyroelectric detector, the relative spectral response was determined between 0.25 μm and 30 μm. The relative response was then converted into spectral power and irradiance responsivities using absolute tie points from a silicon-trap-detector in the VIS range. In addition to the UV irradiance responsivity scale realization, the flat response between 1.6 μm and 2.6 μm was utilized and a constant irradiance responsivity was realized and applied as a reference scale for the Spectral Irradiance and Radiance Responsivity Calibrations with Uniform Sources (SIRCUS) facility of NIST. The spectral power responsivity of the low-NEP pyroelectric detector is the internal standard of the NIST VIS-IR detector calibration facility for the 0.6 μm to 24 μm wavelength range. The pyroelectric standard is used to calibrate other types of detectors for spectral responsivity using detector substitution. The flat-response interval of the pyroelectric standard, calibrated for irradiance responsivity, was also used to measure the integrated irradiance from UV LED sources without using any source standard. The broadband radiometric measurements can be applied to IR LEDs emitting low fluxes between 750 nm and 4300 nm. All pyroelectric detector based calibrations were performed with expanded uncertainties of about 2 % (k=2).

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 11, 2017

UV scale calibration transfer from an improved pyroelectric detector standard to field UV-A meters and 365 nm excitation sources

Proc. SPIE. 10181, Advanced Optics for Defense Applications: UV through LWIR II

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet sources, Light emitting diodes, Sensors, Calibration, Ultraviolet radiation, Silicon, Nondestructive evaluation, Ultraviolet light emitting diodes, Radiometry, pyroelectric detectors, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 7, 2016

Broadband radiometric LED measurements

Proc. SPIE. 9954, Fifteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Light emitting diodes, Sensors, Calibration, Ultraviolet radiation, Silicon, Radiometry, pyroelectric detectors, Standards development, Blue light emitting diodes

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 20, 2016

Calibration of spectral responsivity of IR detectors in the range from 0.6 µm to 24 µm

Proc. SPIE. 9819, Infrared Technology and Applications XLII

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Mirrors, Optical spheres, Sensors, Calibration, Reflectivity, Spectral calibration, Radiometry, Monochromators, pyroelectric detectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 8, 2015

Standardization of UV LED measurements

Proc. SPIE. 9571, Fourteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Ultraviolet sources, Light emitting diodes, Sensors, Calibration, Ultraviolet radiation, Lamps, Ultraviolet light emitting diodes, Free electron lasers, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 12, 2015

New night vision goggle gain definition

Proc. SPIE. 9452, Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXVI

KEYWORDS: Goggles, Eye, Light emitting diodes, Optical spheres, Data modeling, Calibration, Night vision, Black bodies, Radiometry, Night vision goggles

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 9, 2014

NIST traceable measurements of radiance and luminance levels of night-vision-goggle test-instruments

Proc. SPIE. 9071, Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXV

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Light emitting diodes, Optical spheres, Sensors, Calibration, Silicon, Photodiodes, Radiometry, Green light emitting diodes, Instrumentation engineering

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 5, 2013

Evaluation of dome-input geometry for pyroelectric detectors

Proc. SPIE. 8706, Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIV

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Mirrors, Sensors, Calibration, Optical coatings, Reflectivity, Domes, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, pyroelectric detectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | December 18, 2012

Evaluation of optical radiation detectors in the range from 0.8 μm to 20 μm at the NIST infrared spectral calibration facility

Proc. SPIE. 8550, Optical Systems Design 2012

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Infrared sensors, Sensors, Calibration, Spectral calibration, Infrared radiation, Monochromators, pyroelectric detectors, Signal detection, Diffraction gratings

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 18, 2012

Spectral responsivity calibrations of two types of pyroelectric radiometers using three different methods

Proc. SPIE. 8355, Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Coating, Reflectivity, Spectral calibration, Domes, Spectral resolution, Radiometry

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 18, 2012

PV-MCT working standard radiometer

Proc. SPIE. 8355, Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Optical amplifiers, Sensors, Calibration, Resistance, Interference (communication), Amplifiers, Photodiodes, Radiometry, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 19, 2011

Increased responsivity pyroelectric radiometer with dome input and temperature control

Proc. SPIE. 8014, Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXII

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Spectral calibration, Capacitance, Domes, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, Resistors, Prototyping, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 2, 2009

Spectral irradiance responsivity calibration of InSb radiometers using the improved IR-SIRCUS at NIST

Proc. SPIE. 7453, Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XVII

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Tunable lasers, Optical parametric oscillators, Optical spheres, Speckle, Sensors, Calibration, Spectral calibration, Integrating spheres, Radiometry

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 21, 2009

The extension of the NIST BRDF scale from 1100 nm to 2500 nm

Proc. SPIE. 7452, Earth Observing Systems XIV

KEYWORDS: Indium gallium arsenide, Radio optics, Polarization, Sensors, Calibration, Lamps, Reflectivity, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, Monochromators

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 15, 2008

Infrared collimator calibrations using regular glass optics and short-wave infrared detectors

Proc. SPIE. 6940, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIV

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Thermography, Short wave infrared radiation, Optical filters, Sensors, Calibration, Glasses, Collimators, Black bodies, Infrared radiation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 1, 2008

Low NEP pyroelectric radiometer standards

Proc. SPIE. 6940, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIV

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Calibration, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, Monochromators, pyroelectric detectors, Signal detection, Standards development, Temperature metrology

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 8, 2007

Uniform calibration of night vision goggles and test sets

Proc. SPIE. 6737, Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications IV

KEYWORDS: Goggles, Light emitting diodes, Radio optics, Sensors, Calibration, Silicon, Photodiodes, Night vision, Radiometry, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 14, 2007

Short-wave infrared radiometers design and characterizations

Proc. SPIE. 6542, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Short wave infrared radiation, Sensors, Calibration, Silicon, Resistance, Head, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, Resistors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 8, 2006

Performance comparisons of InGaAs, extended InGaAs, and short-wave HgCdTe detectors between 1 µm and 2.5 µm

Proc. SPIE. 6297, Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XIV

KEYWORDS: Infrared detectors, Infrared sensors, Indium gallium arsenide, Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors, Resistance, Photodiodes, Diodes, Monochromators, Temperature metrology

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 10, 2006

Development and calibration of pyroelectric radiometer standards at NIST

Proc. SPIE. 6201, Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Reflectivity, Domes, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, pyroelectric detectors, Signal detection, Standards development, Temperature metrology

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SPIE Journal Paper | November 1, 2005

LED-based spectrally tunable source for radiometric, photometric, and colorimetric applications

Fryc, Irena , Brown, Steven , Eppeldauer, George , Ohno, Yoshihiro

OE Vol. 44 Issue 11

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Calibration, LCDs, Photometry, Light sources, Lamps, Optical engineering, CRTs, Optimization (mathematics), Detection and tracking algorithms

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | November 4, 2004

Spectral irradiance responsivity measurements between 1 µm and 5 µm

Proc. SPIE. 5543, Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XII

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Optical spheres, Sensors, Calibration, Resistance, Photodiodes, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, Cryogenics, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 26, 2004

Spectral Irradiance and Radiance responsivity Calibrations using Uniform Sources (SIRCUS) facility at NIST

Proc. SPIE. 5542, Earth Observing Systems IX

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Optical spheres, Sun, Sensors, Calibration, Satellites, Integrating spheres, Radiometry, Photometry, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 20, 2004

A spectrally tunable solid-state source for radiometric, photometric, and colorimetric applications

Proc. SPIE. 5530, Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting

KEYWORDS: Light sources, Light emitting diodes, Detection and tracking algorithms, Calibration, Lamps, LCDs, Integrating spheres, Photometry, CRTs, Optimization (mathematics)

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | November 10, 2003

Calibration and characterization of trap detector filter radiometers

Proc. SPIE. 5151, Earth Observing Systems VIII

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Radio optics, Sensors, Calibration, Remote sensing, Silicon, Lamps, Photodiodes, Integrating spheres, Radiometry

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | December 18, 2002

Spectral responsivity determination of a transfer-standard pyroelectric radiometer

Proc. SPIE. 4818, Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing X

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Ultraviolet radiation, Coating, Reflectivity, Fourier transforms, Infrared radiation, Radiometry, Spectrophotometry, pyroelectric detectors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 6, 2002

A reference tristimulus colorimeter

Proc. SPIE. 4421, 9th Congress of the International Colour Association

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | May 15, 2001

Absolute radiometric calibration of digital imaging systems

Proc. SPIE. 4306, Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications II

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Spectrographs, Optical spheres, Imaging systems, Cameras, Sensors, Calibration, CCD cameras, Digital imaging, Charge-coupled devices

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 19, 1999

Improved accuracy tristimulus colorimeters calibrated with standard detectors

Proc. SPIE. 3749, 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics

KEYWORDS: Light sources, Sensors, Calibration, Silicon, Lamps, Photodiodes, Receivers, Optical testing, Colorimetry, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 19, 1998

Optical characterization of diffuser-input standard irradiance meters

Proc. SPIE. 3573, OPTIKA '98: 5th Congress on Modern Optics

KEYWORDS: Indium gallium arsenide, Sensors, Calibration, Glasses, Silicon, Reflectivity, Photodiodes, Spectral calibration, Diffusers, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 13, 1997

Electronic characteristics of Ge and InGaAs radiometers

Proc. SPIE. 3061, Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Indium gallium arsenide, Radio optics, Germanium, Resistance, Interference (communication), Photodiodes, Radiometry, Resistors, Temperature metrology

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | November 8, 1996

Near-infrared radiometer standards

Proc. SPIE. 2815, Optical Radiation Measurements III

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Indium gallium arsenide, Optical spheres, Radio optics, Sensors, Calibration, Germanium, Photodiodes, Diffusers, Radiometry

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 26, 1995

Absolute response calibration of a transfer standard cryogenic bolometer

Proc. SPIE. 2550, Photodetectors and Power Meters II

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Infrared detectors, Sensors, Calibration, Silicon, Reflectivity, Transmittance, pyroelectric detectors, Cryogenics, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 23, 1994

Infrared detector spectral responsivity calibration facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Proc. SPIE. 2227, Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments VI

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Infrared detectors, Infrared bolometers, Thermography, Sensors, Calibration, Infrared spectroscopy, Spectral calibration, Cryogenics, Standards development

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 21, 1992

Luminous intensity measurements of sources using a new detector-based illuminance scale

Proc. SPIE. 1687, Characterization, Propagation, and Simulation of Sources and Backgrounds II

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Light sources, Light emitting diodes, Sensors, Calibration, Silicon, Lamps, Photodiodes, Radiometry, Photometry

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 1, 1991

Temperature-monitored/controlled silicon photodiodes for standardization

Proc. SPIE. 1479, Surveillance Technologies

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Copper, Silicon, Photodiodes, Temperature sensors, Radiometry, Photometry, Thermoelectric materials, Temperature metrology

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Showing 5 of 36 publications

Course Instructor

SC1109: Infrared Radiometric Calibration

This course describes the radiometric calibration techniques used for SI-traceable measurements of sources, detectors and material properties in the infrared wavelength region. The main goal is to enable understanding of infrared measurements with quantified uncertainties so that full uncertainty budgets can be established for the final quantities. Examples from NIST calibrations of sources, detectors and materials will be described. The properties and measurements of various different blackbody and lamp sources will be discussed. Detector calibrations using both thermal and quantum detectors with monochromators and Fourier-transform spectrometers will be covered. Also, infrared reflectance measurements using Fourier-transform spectrometers will be explained. Examples of NIST-developed infrared transfer and working standard radiometers in field deployments will be utilized to illustrate the above concepts.

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