Prof. Gereon M. Hüttmann Profile

Prof. Gereon M. Hüttmann

Senior Scientist/Professor at Univ. zu Lübeck

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (107)

Proceedings Article | 3 April 2024 Presentation + Paper

Reducing the impact of domain shift in deep learning for OCT segmentation using image manipulations

Marc Seibel, Joshua Niemeijer, Marc Rowedder, Helge Sudkamp, Timo Kepp, Gereon Hüttmann, Heinz Handels

Proceedings Volume 12927, 1292719 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008702

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Optical coherence tomography, Image quality, Eye, Distance measurement, Data modeling, Retina, Neural networks, Deep learning

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Proceedings Article | 2 April 2024 Poster + Paper

Denoising of home OCT images using Noise2Noise trained on artificial eye data

Marc Rowedder, Timo Kepp, Tobias Neumann, Helge Sudkamp, Gereon Hüttmann, Heinz Handels

Proceedings Volume 12926, 129262D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006428

KEYWORDS: Denoising, Optical coherence tomography, Eye, Image processing, Retina, Signal to noise ratio, Image quality, Image segmentation, Image registration, Medical image reconstruction, Deep learning, Convolutional neural networks, Image enhancement, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Motion-compensated OCT imaging of laryngeal tissue

Sarah Latus, Marica Kulas, Johanna Sprenger, Debayan Bhattacharya, Philippe Breda, Lukas Wittig, Tim Eixmann, Gereon Hüttmann, Lennart Maack, Dennis Eggert, Christian Betz, Alexander Schlaefer

Proceedings Volume 12928, 1292809 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006729

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Tissues, Endoscopy, In vivo imaging, Image filtering, Visualization, Image analysis, Motion analysis, Detection and tracking algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Mathematical model for separating signal and noise in dynamic optical coherence tomography (dOCT)

Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume PC12830, PC1283029 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005716

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Interference (communication), Relative intensity noise, Mathematical modeling, Fourier transforms, Tissues, Speckle, Signal detection, Quantitative analysis, Numerical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Label-free visualization of far UV-C skin safety with dynamic optical coherence tomography with microscopic resolution (dmOCT)

Felix Hilge, Michael Wang-Evers, Lara Buhl, Heather Downs, Maron Dolling, Gereon Hüttmann, Reginald Birngruber, Dieter Manstein

Proceedings Volume PC12830, PC128302M (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005568

KEYWORDS: Skin, Safety, Optical coherence tomography, Visualization, Ultraviolet radiation, Tissues, Biological imaging, Temporal resolution, Scattering, Radiation effects

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Improved image quality in dynamic OCT imaging by reduced imaging time and machine learning based data evaluation

Noah Heldt, Cornelia Holzhausen, Martin Ahrens, Mario Pieper, Peter König, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume PC12830, PC128302A (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005413

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Image quality, Machine learning, In vivo imaging, Tissues, Tomography, Signal analyzers, RGB color model, Lung, Inspection

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Shape-based segmentation of retinal layers and fluids in OCT image data

Timo Kepp, Julia Andresen, Claus von der Burchard, Johann Roider, Gereon Hüttmann, Heinz Handels

Proceedings Volume 12465, 1246510 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654210

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Retinal diseases

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2023 Presentation

Assessment of intrinsic and extrinsic aging on dermal morphology using optical coherence tomography

Vidyalakshmi Anilkumar, Felix Hilge, Timo Kepp, Michael Wang-Evers, Spencer Brush, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Gereon Hüttmann, Heinz Handels, Dieter Manstein

Proceedings Volume PC12352, PC123520D (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650110

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Skin, Shape analysis, Machine learning

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2023 Presentation

Influence of eye movements on functional signals in optoretinography

Clara Pfäffle, Svea Höhl, Hendrik Spahr, Léo Puyó, Jonas Franke, Gereon Hüttmann, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume PC12367, PC1236709 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2652840

KEYWORDS: Eye, Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Neurons

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2023 Presentation

Diffused-illumination full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography

Léo Puyo, Clara Pfäffle, Hendrik Spahr, Daniel Bublitz, Dierck Hillmann, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume PC12367, PC123670P (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2647552

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Diffusers, Holography, Speckle, Safety, Ophthalmic imaging, Laser safety, Holograms, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2023 Presentation

Potential and limitations of a commercial OCT device for high-resolution and functional retinal imaging

Jonas Franke, Annette Leßmann, Hendrik Spahr, Lisa Kutzner, Clara Pfäffle, Gerrit Meußler, Silke Aumann, Roland Rocholz, Léo Puyó, Gereon Hüttmann, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume PC12367, PC123670B (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2652898

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Retinal scanning, Hemodynamics, Adaptive optics, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Image quality, Eye, Diagnostics, Aberration correction

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2023 Paper

Synchronous high-speed OCT imaging with sensorless brushless DC motor and FDML laser in a phase-locked loop

Awanish Pratap Singh, Madita Göb, Martin Ahrens, Tim Eixmann, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Gereon Hüttmann, Robert Huber, Maik Rahlves

Proceedings Volume 12367, 1236703 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2652955

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Distortion, Laser frequency, Image sensors, Tissues, Optical sensors

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2022 Presentation

Combining holographic optical coherence tomography and laser Doppler holography

Léo Puyo, Hendrik Spahr, Clara Pfäffle, Gereon Hüttmann, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume PC11941, PC119410K (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2608655

KEYWORDS: Holography, Optical coherence tomography, Doppler tomography, Blood circulation, Temporal resolution, Stereoscopy, Ophthalmology, Light sources, Laser applications, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2022 Presentation

Functional imaging of rods and cones in the living human eye

Clara Pfäffle, Hendrik Spahr, David Melenberg, Gereon Hüttmann, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume PC11941, PC119410D (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609679

KEYWORDS: Rods, Cones, Functional imaging, Eye, Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Phase measurement, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2022 Presentation

Effects on dynamic-microscopic OCT signals after manipulation of keratinocyte metabolism in an in-vitro skin model by temperature and with metabolic reagents

Felix Hilge, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Michael Wang-Evers, Nunciada Salma, Martin Ahrens, Michael Münter, Gereon Hüttmann, Reginald Birngruber, Dieter Manstein

Proceedings Volume PC11948, PC1194814 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612879

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Skin, In vitro testing, Temperature metrology, Mode conditioning cables, Signal processing, Scattering, Acquisition tracking and pointing, 3D modeling, Motion models

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2022 Presentation

Retinal vascular dynamics investigated by full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography

Hendrik Spahr, Lisa Kutzner, Clara Pfäffle, Leo Puyó, Gereon Hüttmann, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume PC11948, PC1194801 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613094

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Arteries, Tissues, Retina

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Robust and automated computational adaptive optics using multiple randomized sub-apertures

Dierck Hillmann, Clara Pfäffle, Hendrik Spahr, Katharina Gercke, Sazan Burhan, Lisa Kutzner, David Melenberg, Felix Hilge, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11630, 116300D (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576890

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Image filtering, Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Voice coil based endomicroscopic optical coherence tomography probe for in vivo mucosa examination

Martin Ahrens, Christian Idel, Peter König, Gereon Hüttmann, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt

Proceedings Volume 11620, 1162008 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2578787

KEYWORDS: In vivo imaging, Optical coherence tomography, Endoscopes, Visualization, Actuators, Tissues, Nose, Mouth, Mirrors, Lymphatic system

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Phase-sensitive measurements of depth dependent signal transduction in the inner plexiform layer

Clara Pfäffle, Hendrik Spahr, Katharina Gercke, Sazan Burhan, David Melenberg, Yoko Miura, Gereon Hüttmann, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume 11623, 1162313 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577605

KEYWORDS: Phase measurement, Optical coherence tomography, Visualization, Retina

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Comparison between dynamic microscopic OCT and autofluorescence multiphoton microscopy for label-free analysis of murine trachea

Tabea Kohlfaerber, Michael Münter, Mario Pieper, Peter König, Ramtin Rahmanzadeh, Gereon Hüttmann, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt

Proceedings Volume 11630, 116300S (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583811

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Multiphoton microscopy, Visualization, Image resolution, Tomography, Tissues, Speckle, Objectives, Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Novel method to assess the impact of aging and sun exposure on skin morphology by optical coherence tomography

Felix Hilge, Michael Evers, Malte Casper, Joshua Zev Glahn, Weeranut Phothong, Garuna Kositratna, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Gereon Hüttmann, Dieter Manstein

Proceedings Volume 11618, 116180A (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577822

KEYWORDS: Skin, Optical coherence tomography, Sun, Radium, Surface properties, Detection and tracking algorithms, Dermatology, Data conversion

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Self-examination low-cost full-field OCT (SELFF-OCT) allows treatment decision for age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) with high sensitivity and specificity: clinical pilot study

Helge Sudkamp, Claus von der Burchard, Moritz Moltmann, Peter Koch, Malte vom Endt, Michael Münst, Christoph Ehlken, Timo Kepp, Dirk Theisen-Kunde, Reginald Birngruber, Johann Roider, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11623, 116230Z (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583041

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Poster + Presentation

Eye tracking with off-axis full-field OCT by local analysis of recorded interferograms

Michel Wunderlich, Peter Koch, Helge Sudkamp, Michael Münst, Malte vom Endt, Moritz Moltmann, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11623, 116231Q (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583030

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Eye, Motion analysis, Retina, Sensors, Retinal scanning, In vivo imaging, Fringe analysis, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Endo-microscopic optical coherence tomography (emOCT) with dynamic contrast

Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Martin Ahrens, Michael Münter, Elisa Wilken, Tabea Kohlfärber, Cornelia Holzhausen, Peter König, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11620, 116200C (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2575733

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Endoscopes, Tissues, Speckle, GRIN lenses, Visualization, Visual analytics, Tissue optics, Surgery, Spleen

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Presentation + Paper

3D catheter guidance including shape sensing for endovascular navigation

Sonja Jäckle, Verónica García-Vázquez, Felix von Haxthausen, Tim Eixmann, Malte Maria Sieren, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Gereon Hüttmann, Floris Ernst, Markus Kleemann, Torben Pätz

Proceedings Volume 11315, 1131504 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548094

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber Bragg gratings, Optical fibers, Fiber optics sensors, Sensing systems, Optical signal processing

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Presentation + Paper

Segmentation of retinal low-cost optical coherence tomography images using deep learning

Timo Kepp, Helge Sudkamp, Claus von der Burchard, Hendrik Schenke, Peter Koch, Gereon Hüttmann, Johann Roider, Mattias Heinrich, Heinz Handels

Proceedings Volume 11314, 113141O (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2551324

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Computer programming, Signal to noise ratio, Convolution, Denoising, Eye, Imaging systems, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2020 Presentation

Functional imaging of the retina with phase-sensitive full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

Dierck Hillmann, Clara Pfäffle, Hendrik Spahr, Felix Hilge, Sazan Burhan, Katharina Gercke, Yoko Miura, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11249, 112490U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2545969

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Functional imaging, Tissue optics, Tissues, Imaging systems, Cameras, Data acquisition, Adaptive optics, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2020 Presentation

Functional imaging of neuronal layers in the human retina (Conference Presentation)

Clara Pfäffle, Hendrik Spahr, Lisa Kutzner, Sazan Burhan, Felix Hilge, Yoko Miura, Gereon Hüttmann, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume 11228, 112280N (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549024

KEYWORDS: Retina, Functional imaging, Neurons, Optical coherence tomography, Imaging systems, Intrinsic optical signal, Nervous system, Eye, Optical properties, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2020 Presentation

Improved functional imaging of ganglion neuronal and photoreceptor cell layers in living human retina (Conference Presentation)

Gereon Hüttmann, Clara Pfäffle, Hendrik Spahr, Lisa Kutzner, Sazan Burhan, Felix Hilge, Yoko Miura, Dierck Hillmann

Proceedings Volume 11228, 112280F (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549083

KEYWORDS: Retina, Functional imaging, Information operations, Phase measurement, Quality measurement, Retinal scanning, Image segmentation, Intrinsic optical signal, Optical coherence tomography, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2019 Paper

Handheld OCT probe for intraoral diagnosis on teeth

R. Haak, M. Ahrens, H. Schneider, M. Strumpski, C. Rüger, M. Häfer, G. Hüttmann, D. Theisen-Kunde, H. Schulz-Hildebrandt

Proceedings Volume 11073, 110730W (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527185

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Teeth, Dental caries, Natural surfaces, Composites, Diagnostics, Endoscopes, Visualization, Dentistry, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2019 Paper

Monitoring temperature induced phase changes in subcutaneous fatty tissue using an astigmatism corrected dynamic needle probe

H. Schulz-Hildebrandt, N. Meyer-Schell, M. Casper, M. Evers, R. Birngruber, D. Manstein, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11073, 110730L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527087

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Monochromatic aberrations, Optical coherence tomography, Multimode fibers, Refractive index, Temperature metrology, Tissue optics, Scattering, Natural surfaces, Positron emission tomography

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2019 Paper

An endomicroscopic OCT for clinical trials in the field of ENT

M. Ahrens, C. Idel, A. Chaker, B. Wollenberg, P. König, H. Schulz-Hildebrandt, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11073, 110730U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527099

KEYWORDS: Endoscopes, Optical coherence tomography, In vivo imaging, GRIN lenses, Safety, Lymphatic system, Clinical trials, Biomedical optics, Light sources, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2019 Paper

4D microscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of ex vivo mucus transport

M. Münter, H. Schulz-Hildebrandt, M. Pieper, P. König, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 11078, 1107811 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527138

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Signal to noise ratio, Coherence imaging, Light sources, Cameras, Image resolution, Lung, Spectroscopy, Optical imaging, Line scan cameras

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SPIE Journal Paper | 30 April 2019 Open Access

Optimization-based vessel segmentation pipeline for robust quantification of capillary networks in skin with optical coherence tomography angiography

Malte Casper, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Michael Evers, Reginald Birngruber, Dieter Manstein, Gereon Hüttmann

JBO, Vol. 24, Issue 04, 046005, (April 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.24.4.046005

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Skin, Angiography, Capillaries, Optical coherence tomography, Image processing, Binary data, Denoising, Gaussian filters, Digital filtering

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2019 Presentation

Numerically aberration corrected retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain OCT (Conference Presentation)

Helge Sudkamp, Dierck Hillmann, Peter Koch, Malte vom Endt, Hendrik Spahr, Michael Münst, Reginald Birngruber, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 10867, 1086720 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511758

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Retinal scanning, Data acquisition, In vivo imaging, Retina, Aberration correction, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2018 Presentation

Systematic in-vivo investigation of intrinsic optical signals in the photoreceptor outer segment (Conference Presentation)

Clara Pfäffle, Dierck Hillmann, Hendrik Spahr, Bastian Kabuth, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 10474, 104740Y (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289883

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Intrinsic optical signal, Eye, In vivo imaging, Retina, Human vision research

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2018 Presentation

Optimized segmentation and characterization of capillary networks using OCT (Conference Presentation)

Malte Casper, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Michael Evers, Reginald Birngruber, Dieter Manstein, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 10467, 1046707 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292005

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Optical coherence tomography, Skin, Capillaries, Angiography, 3D image processing, Image processing, Tissues, Machine vision, Computer vision technology

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2018 Paper

Coherence and diffraction limited resolution in microscopic OCT by a unified approach for the correction of dispersion and aberrations

H. Schulz-Hildebrandt, Michael Münter, M. Ahrens, H. Spahr, D. Hillmann, P. König, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 10591, 105910O (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2303755

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Dispersion, Image resolution, Tissues, Light sources, Aberration correction, Diffraction, Spectroscopy, Objectives, Monochromatic aberrations

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SPIE Journal Paper | 13 October 2017 Open Access

Noncontact holographic detection for photoacoustic tomography

Christian Buj, Michael Münter, Benedikt Schmarbeck, Jens Horstmann, Gereon Hüttmann, Ralf Brinkmann

JBO, Vol. 22, Issue 10, 106007, (October 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.22.10.106007

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Holography, Tissues, Skin, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Photoacoustic tomography, Natural surfaces, Acquisition tracking and pointing, Acoustics, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

In vivo full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography using a spatially coherent off-axis reference (Conference Presentation)

Helge Sudkamp, Peter Koch, Dierck Hillmann, Hendrik Spahr, Gesa Franke, Michael Münst, Fabian Mütel, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 10053, 100531Q (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254850

KEYWORDS: In vivo imaging, Optical coherence tomography, Retina, Cameras, Tissues, Time metrology, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, Diodes, CMOS cameras, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

Imaging of physiological responses to photostimulation in human photoreceptors with full-field swept-source OCT (Conference Presentation)

Dierck Hillmann, Hendrik Spahr, Clara Pfäffle, Helge Sudkamp, Gesa Franke, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 10053, 100530G (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2250872

KEYWORDS: Information operations, Functional imaging, Optical coherence tomography, Signal detection, Intrinsic optical signal, Photostimulation, Retina, Backscatter, In vivo imaging, Cones

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

Improving imaging of the air-liquid interface in living mice by aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography (mOCT) (Conference Presentation)

Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Benjamin Sauer, Fred Reinholz, Mario Pieper, Markus Mall, Peter König, Gereon Huettmann

Proceedings Volume 10041, 1004105 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252558

KEYWORDS: Interfaces, Optical microscopy, Optical coherence tomography, Human-machine interfaces, Microscopy, In vivo imaging, Spectral resolution, Tissue optics, Visualization, Temporal resolution

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

Imaging cold-induced vasodynamic behaviour in skin using OCT for microangiography (Conference Presentation)

Malte Casper, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Michael Evers, Cuc Nguyen, Reginald Birngruber, Gereon Hüttmann, Dieter Manstein

Proceedings Volume 10037, 100370S (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251485

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Dermatology, Skin, Spatial resolution, Angiography, Physiology, 3D image processing, Temperature metrology, Blood vessels, Speckle

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SPIE Journal Paper | 18 July 2016 Open Access

Indocyanine green as effective antibody conjugate for intracellular molecular targeted photodynamic therapy

Sijia Wang, Gereon Hüttmann, Florian Rudnitzki, Heyke Diddens-Tschoeke, Zhenxi Zhang, Ramtin Rahmanzadeh

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 07, 078001, (July 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.7.078001

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Photodynamic therapy, Indocyanine green, Proteins, Luminescence, Molecules, Cancer, Cell death, Tissue optics, Near infrared

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Presentation

Imaging of mucus clearance in the airways of living spontaneously breathing mice by optical coherence microscopy (Conference Presentation)

Mario Pieper, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, Gereon Hüttmann, Peter König

Proceedings Volume 9691, 969116 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2209054

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence microscopy, Lung, Liquids, Particles, Pathogens, Visualization, Coherence (optics), Microscopes, Image resolution, Endoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 26 April 2016 Presentation

Imaging vascular dynamics in human retina using full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

Hendrik Spahr, Dierck Hillmann, Carola Hain, Clara Pfäffle, Helge Sudkamp, Gesa Franke, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 9697, 96970E (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214303

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Wave propagation, Retina, Motion measurement, Imaging systems, Temporal resolution, Tissues, Capillaries, Coherence (optics), Biomedical optics

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Proceedings Article | 26 April 2016 Presentation

Molecular targeted PDT with selective delivery of ICG Photo-Immunoconjugates (Conference Presentation)

Sijia Wang, Gereon Hüttmann, Tayyaba Hasan, Ramtin Rahmanzadeh

Proceedings Volume 9694, 96940O (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217572

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Photodynamic therapy, Cancer, Oncology, Molecules, Tumors, Indocyanine green, Photomedicine, Light emitting diodes, Tumor growth modeling

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 February 2016 Open Access

Errata: Advantages of microscope-integrated intraoperative online optical coherence tomography: usage in Boston keratoprosthesis type I surgery

Sebastian Siebelmann, Philipp Steven, Deniz Hos, Gereon Hüttmann, Eva Lankenau, Björn Bachmann, Claus Cursiefen

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 02, 029801, (February 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.2.029801

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Surgery, Holmium, Biomedical optics, Ophthalmology

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SPIE Journal Paper | 18 January 2016 Open Access

Advantages of microscope-integrated intraoperative online optical coherence tomography: usage in Boston keratoprosthesis type I surgery

Sebastian Siebelmann, Philipp Steven, Deniz Hos, Gereon Hüttmann, Eva Lankenau, Björn Bachmann, Claus Cursiefen

JBO, Vol. 21, Issue 01, 016005, (January 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.21.1.016005

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Surgery, Microscopes, Visualization, Eye, Titanium, Tissues, Biomedical optics, Tissue optics, Cornea

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 November 2015 Open Access

Intravital autofluorescence 2-photon microscopy of murine intestinal mucosa with ultra-broadband femtosecond laser pulse excitation: image quality, photodamage, and inflammation

Antje Klinger, Lisa Krapf, Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder, Norbert Koop, Alfred Vogel, Gereon Hüttmann

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 11, 116001, (November 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.11.116001

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Microscopy, Tissues, Photons, Video, Absorption, Image quality, Tissue optics, Femtosecond phenomena, Laser tissue interaction

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Proceedings Article | 24 June 2013 Paper

Optical coherence tomography and confocal endomicroscopy for rhinologic pathologies: a pilot study

B. Olzowy, N. Starke, T. Schuldt, G. Hüttmann, E. Lankenau, T. Just

Proceedings Volume 8805, 880505 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2033174

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Chromium, Tissue optics, Pathology, In vivo imaging, Visualization, Confocal microscopy, Endomicroscopy, Surgery, Microscopes

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Proceedings Article | 20 March 2013 Paper

Off-axis full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography using holographic refocusing

Dierck Hillmann, Gesa Franke, Laura Hinkel, Tim Bonin, Peter Koch, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8571, 857104 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006436

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Cameras, Holography, Eye, Collimation, Retina, Digital holography, Light scattering, Optical filters, Coherence (optics)

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Proceedings Article | 20 March 2013 Paper

Towards microscopic resolution in holoscopy

Gesa Lilith Franke, Dierck Hillmann, Christian Lührs, Peter Koch, Jörn Wollenzin, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8571, 85711O (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006806

KEYWORDS: Light sources, Image resolution, Objectives, Microscopes, Sapphire lasers, Optical coherence tomography, Diffraction, Holograms, Point spread functions, Light scattering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 7 May 2012 Open Access

Bleaching of plasmon-resonance absorption of gold nanorods decreases efficiency of cell destruction

Florian Rudnitzki, Ramtin Rahmanzadeh, Katrin Brieger, Gereon Hüttmann, Marco Bever, Elmar Endl, Jens Groll

JBO, Vol. 17, Issue 5, 058003, (May 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.17.5.058003

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Particles, Gold, Nanoparticles, Cavitation, Spherical lenses, Absorbance, Transmission electron microscopy, Atmospheric particles, Nanorods

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2012 Paper

Imaging of photothermal tissue expansion via phase sensitive optical coherence tomography

Hendrik Spahr, Linda Rudolph, Heike Müller, Reginald Birngruber, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8213, 82131S (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911429

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Phase shifts, Silicon, Video, Absorbance, Semiconductor lasers, Temperature metrology, Multilayers, Laser coagulation, Tissue optics

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2012 Paper

Quantitative analysis of cardiomyocyte dynamics with optical coherence phase microscopy

Rehman Ansari, Redouane Aherrahrou, Zouhair Aherrahrou, Jeanette Erdmann, Gereon Hüttmann, Achim Schweikard

Proceedings Volume 8213, 821338 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911781

KEYWORDS: Coherence (optics), Interferometers, Microscopes, Tissue optics, Biomedical optics, Quantitative analysis, Optical microscopy, Microscopy, 3D image processing, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2012 Paper

Feasibiliy of optical detection of soft tissue deformation during needle insertion

Christoph Otte, Gereon Hüttmann, Alexander Schlaefer

Proceedings Volume 8316, 83160V (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912538

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Optical coherence tomography, Tissue optics, Doppler tomography, Motion estimation, Calibration, Distance measurement, Cameras, Motion measurement, Optical fibers

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2012 Paper

Confocal endomicroscopy of the larynx

T. Just, T. Wiechmann, O. Stachs, J. Stave, R. Guthoff, G. Hüttmann, H. Pau

Proceedings Volume 8207, 82072H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.921265

KEYWORDS: Endoscopes, Confocal microscopy, Optical coherence tomography, Microscopes, Endoscopy, Biopsy, In vivo imaging, Connectors, Scanners, Tissue optics

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2012 Paper

High resolution holoscopy

Gesa Lilith Franke, Dierck Hillmann, Thorsten Claußen, Christian Lührs, Peter Koch, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8213, 821324 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911166

KEYWORDS: Image resolution, 3D image reconstruction, Cameras, Image quality, Optical coherence tomography, Microscopes, Holograms, Digital holography, Sensors, Reconstruction algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 2012 Paper

Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems

M. Hagen-Eggert, P. Koch, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8213, 82131K (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910921

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, Sensors, Optical coherence tomography, Spectroscopy, Image sensors, Diffraction, Signal attenuation, Cameras, Signal detection, Line scan image sensors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2011 Open Access

In vivo spectral imaging of different cell types in the small intestine by two-photon excited autofluorescence

Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder, Bjoern Martensen, Alfred Vogel, Gereon Hüttmann, Antje Klinger, Maike Blessenohl, Andreas Gebert

JBO, Vol. 16, Issue 11, 116025, (November 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3655587

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Tissues, Intestine, In vivo imaging, Imaging spectroscopy, Chromophores, Absorption, Microscopes, Objectives, Pulsed laser operation

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2011 Paper

Comparison of fast swept source full-field OCT with conventional scanning OCT

Tim Bonin, Peter Koch, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8091, 80911K (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889630

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, In vivo imaging, Image quality, Point spread functions, Coherence (optics), Biomedical optics, Current controlled current source, Lawrencium, Electroluminescent displays, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2011 Paper

Holoscopy: holographic optical coherence tomography

Dierck Hillmann, Christian Lührs, Tim Bonin, Peter Koch, Alfred Vogel, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8091, 80911H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889485

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Holography, Coherence (optics), Biomedical optics, Current controlled current source, Cameras, Digital holography, Michelson interferometers, Tunable lasers, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 2 June 2011 Paper

Stabilization of the longitudinal plasmon resonance absorption of nanorods by porous silica shell layer

F. Rudnitzki, F. Ratto, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 8092, 809202 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889506

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Silica, Particles, Nanoparticles, Gold, Plasmons, Cavitation, Photoacoustic imaging, Optical properties, Nanorods

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2011 Paper

OCT in the field of laryngology: further perspectives

T. Just, H. Pau, E. Lankenau, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 7883, 78831W (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886959

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Polarization, Confocal microscopy, Endoscopy, Endoscopes, Microscopes, Tissues, Cameras, In vivo imaging, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2011 Paper

Ultra highspeed in-vivo Fourier domain full-field OCT of the human retina

Tim Bonin, Martin Hagen-Eggert, Gesa Franke, Peter Koch, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 7889, 788906 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.874970

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Retina, In vivo imaging, Lawrencium, Coherence (optics), Biomedical optics, Current controlled current source, Tunable lasers, CMOS cameras, Ultrafast imaging

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2011 Paper

Diffusion-sensitive Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography

M. Hagen-Eggert, D. Hillmann, P. Koch, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 7889, 78892B (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.873815

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Particles, Diffusion, Dynamic light scattering, Motion measurement, Ultrafast phenomena, Sensors, Time metrology, Spectroscopy, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2011 Paper

Imaging of temperature distribution and retinal tissue changes during photocoagulation by high speed OCT

Heike Müller, Lars Ptaszynski, Kerstin Schlott, Tim Bonin, Marco Bever, Stefan Koinzer, Reginald Birngruber, Ralf Brinkmann, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 7889, 78890E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.874788

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Laser coagulation, Tissue optics, Tissues, Visualization, Coherence (optics), Biomedical optics, Current controlled current source, Mirrors, Microscopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 2010 Paper

Fiber spectral domain optical coherence tomography for in vivo rat brain imaging

Y. Xie, T. Bonin, S. Loeffler, G. Huettmann, V. Tronnier, U. Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 7715, 77152F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854798

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Brain, Surgery, Tissues, Neuroimaging, Skull, Tissue optics, Axons, Brain imaging, Backscatter

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2010 Paper

An optical coherence tomography study for imaging the round window niche and the promontorium tympani

T. Just, E. Lankenau, G. Hüttmann, H. Pau

Proceedings Volume 7548, 754833 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.848384

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Ear, Bone, Visualization, Microscopes, Surgery, Transducers, 3D modeling, Tissue optics, Microfluidic imaging

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2010 Open Access

Optical coherence tomography with online visualization of more than seven rendered volumes per second

Joachim Probst, Dierck Hillmann, Eva Lankenau, Christian Winter, Stefan Oelckers, Peter Koch, Gereon Hüttmann

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 02, 026014, (March 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3314898

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Visualization, Video, Cameras, Volume rendering, Microscopes, Tissues, Video acceleration, Image quality, Biomedical optics

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2010 Paper

Intravital real-time study of tissue response to controlled laser-induced cavitation using 500-ps UV laser pulses focused in murine gut mucosa under online dosimetry and spectrally resolved 2-photon microscopy

Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder, Antje Klinger, Anna Schüth, Sebastian Freidank, Gereon Hüttmann, Andreas Gebert, Alfred Vogel

Proceedings Volume 7568, 756815 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.843102

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Pulsed laser operation, Laser tissue interaction, Cavitation, Laser scattering, Scattering, Tissues, Tissue optics, In vivo imaging, Laser beam diagnostics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2009 Open Access

Comparison of Cornea Module and DermaInspect for noninvasive imaging of ocular surface pathologies

Philipp Steven, Maya Müller, Norbert Koop, Christian Rose, Gereon Hüttmann

JBO, Vol. 14, Issue 06, 064040, (November 2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3275475

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Cornea, Confocal microscopy, Luminescence, Pathology, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Second-harmonic generation, In vivo imaging, Multiphoton microscopy, Natural surfaces

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2009 Open Access

Influence of laser parameters on nanoparticle-induced membrane permeabilization

Cuiping Yao, Xiaochao Qu, Zhenxi Zhang, Gereon Hüttmann, Ramtin Rahmanzadeh

JBO, Vol. 14, Issue 05, 054034, (September 2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3253320

KEYWORDS: Particles, Gold, Pulsed laser operation, Picosecond phenomena, Nanoparticles, Luminescence, Biomedical optics, Laser irradiation, Cell death, Proteins

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2009 Paper

Using nonequispaced fast Fourier transformation to process optical coherence tomography signals

Dierck Hillmann, Gereon Hüttmann, Peter Koch

Proceedings Volume 7372, 73720R (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831789

KEYWORDS: Signal processing, Optical coherence tomography, Tomography, Biomedical optics, Current controlled current source, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2009 Paper

Real-time 3D rendering of optical coherence tomography volumetric data

Joachim Probst, Peter Koch, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 7372, 73720Q (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831785

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Video, Video acceleration, Volume rendering, Visualization, 3D modeling, Sensors, Computing systems, Video processing, Computer programming

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 May 2009 Open Access

Automated segmentation of tissue structures in optical coherence tomography data

Fernando Gasca, Lukas Ramrath, Gereon Hüttmann, Achim Schweikard

JBO, Vol. 14, Issue 03, 034046, (May 2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3156841

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Optical coherence tomography, Speckle, Tissue optics, Image filtering, Scattering, Tissues, Brain, Optical fibers, Digital filtering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 May 2008 Open Access

Imaging of cancer cells by multiphoton microscopy using gold nanoparticles and fluorescent dyes

Xiaochao Qu, Jing Wang, Zhenxi Zhang, Norbert Koop, Ramtin Rahmanzadeh, Gereon Huettmann

JBO, Vol. 13, Issue 03, 031217, (May 2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2942373

KEYWORDS: Gold, Luminescence, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Multiphoton microscopy, Particles, Nanoparticles, Biomedical optics, Cancer, Optical properties, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2008 Paper

Confocal microscopy versus two-photon microscopy: imaging of ocular surface pathologies

Philip Steven, Norbert Koop, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 6860, 686023 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763657

KEYWORDS: Confocal microscopy, Tissues, Cornea, Luminescence, Image resolution, Two photon excitation microscopy, Pathology, Second-harmonic generation, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Microscopy

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Minimal-invasive imaging of ocular surface pathologies aims at securing clinical diagnosis without the necessity of actual tissue probing. For this matter confocal microscopy with the Cornea Module, mounted on a laser scanning microscope, is in daily use in ophthalmic practise. Two-photon microscopy is a new optical technique that enables high resolution imaging and functional analysis of living tissues based on tissue autofluorescence with minimal phototoxic damage. This study was set up to compare the potential of two-photon microscopy to the established Cornea Module. Different ocular surface pathologies such as pterygia, papillomae, nevi and cysts were investigated using the Cornea Module for confocal microscopy in-vivo. The pathologies were excised, stored in tissue culture media and immediately investigated by two-photon microscopy without further fixation. After imaging, the specimens were sent for definite histopathological assessment. Cornea Module and two-photon microscopy both generated high resolution images of the investigated tissues. At wavelengths of 710-730 nm two-photon microscopy exclusively revealed cellular structures whereas collagen fibrils were specifically demonstrated by second harmonic generation. Measurements of fluorescent lifetimes (FLIM) enabled the highly specific display of e. g. goblet cells or erythrocytes within capillaries. FLIM also enabled to demarcate nevuscell clusters from epithelial cells. At the settings used, two-photon microscopy reaches higher resolutions than the Cornea Module and has the option of tissue specific signals by wavelengths tuning and fluorescence lifetime imaging which give additional information about the tissue. The Cornea Module allows intravital real-time imaging with less technical effort that leads to the visualization of dynamic processes such as blood flow. The parallel detection of two-photon excited autofluorescence together with confocal imaging could expand the possibilities of minimal-invasive investigation of the ocular surface towards functional analysis at higher resolutions.

Proceedings Article | 8 February 2008 Paper

Optical coherence tomography as a guide for cochlear implant surgery?

T. Just, E. Lankenau, G. Hüttmann, H. Pau

Proceedings Volume 6842, 68421F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.771446

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Bone, Surgery, Ear, Microscopes, Prototyping, Visualization, Imaging systems, Endoscopes, Biomedical optics

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 2007 Paper

Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging of Karpas 299 cells using ACT1 antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles

Xiaochao Qu, Koop Norbert, Zheng Li, Jing Wang, Zhenxi Zhang, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 6630, 66301C (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.728239

KEYWORDS: Gold, Luminescence, Signal detection, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Multiphoton microscopy, Cancer, Nanoparticles, Picosecond phenomena, Biomedical optics, Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 2007 Paper

Cationic colloidal gold assisting delivery of macromolecular fluoresceins into target CHO-K1 cells by focused femtosecond laser

Zheng Li, Zhenxi Zhang, Xiaochao Qu, Jing Wang, Gereon Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 6632, 66321V (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.728277

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Gold, Particles, Nanoparticles, Femtosecond phenomena, Two photon excitation microscopy, Macromolecules, Picosecond phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 10 February 2007 Paper

Linear OCT system with increased measurement depth for biomedical applications

Gereon Hüttmann, Volker Hellemanns, Peter Koch

Proceedings Volume 6429, 642915 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700853

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical coherence tomography, Signal to noise ratio, Biomedical optics, Interferometers, Image sensors, Modulation, Diffraction gratings, Imaging systems, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2006 Paper

Non-invasive intraoperative optical coherence tomography of the resection cavity during surgery of intrinsic brain tumors

A. Giese, H. Böhringer, J. Leppert, S. Kantelhardt, E. Lankenau, P. Koch, R. Birngruber, G. Hüttmann

Proceedings Volume 6078, 60782Z (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.674436

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Brain, Tissues, Optical coherence tomography, Signal attenuation, Microscopes, Neuroimaging, Tissue optics, Surgery, Natural surfaces

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2005 Open Access

Elevation of plasma membrane permeability by laser irradiation of selectively bound nanoparticles

Cuiping Yao, Ramtin Rahmanzadeh, Elmar Endl, Zhenxi Zhang, Johannes Gerdes, Gereon Hüttmann

JBO, Vol. 10, Issue 06, 064012, (November 2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2137321

KEYWORDS: Particles, Gold, Nanoparticles, Plasma, Luminescence, Laser irradiation, Cell death, Molecules, Pulsed laser operation, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 22 June 2005 Paper

Ex vivo and in vivo topographic studies of bladder by optical coherence tomography

Dmitri Daniltchenko, Markus Sachs, Eva Lankenau, Frank Koenig, Mick Burkhardt, Gereon Huettmann, Glen Kristiansen, Dietmar Schnorr, Salman Al-Shukri, Stefan Loening

Proceedings Volume 5771, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.634810

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Bladder, In vivo imaging, Tissue optics, Spatial resolution, LASIK, Diagnostics, Laser development, Tumors, Endoscopes

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Conventional imaging modalities like CT or ultrasonography have a spatial resolution of 70-1000 rim. OCT is a new method by which light of a certain wavelength is introduced into a fiberglass optic to measure tissue structures of up to 2.5 mm depth with a spatial resolution of up to 10-15 μm. We utilized the Tomograph Sirius 713, developed at the Medical Laser Centre in cooperation with 4-Optics AG, Lubeck, Germany. This apparatus uses a special Super- Luminescence-Diode (SLD) that produces light within the near infrared wavelength, with a central wavelength of 1300 nm. The coherence length is reduced to 15 μm. The light is introduced into a fiberglass optic which is several meters long and is easy to handle. To measure the depth of invasion and position of urothelial bladder tumors, the fiberglass optic is attached to a regular endoscope (Wolf, Knittlingen, Germany) via an OCT adapter. That way, in parallel to the regular endoscopic view of the bladder mucosa with or without pathologic findings, an OCT picture of the superficial as well as the deeper muscle layers is visible online. OCT was used to obtain 945 images from the bladder in vivo und ex vivo of 65 patients. OCT of normal bladder mucosa allows to image a cross section of up to 2.5 mm. It is possible to distinguish transitional epithelium, lamina propria, smooth muscles and capillaries. In cystitis, the thickness of the mucosa is constant, but the distinction between the different layers is blurred. In squamous metaplasia there is thickening of the epithelial layer, with preservation of lamination of the lower layers. In transitional cell carcinoma there is a complete loss of the regular layered structure. It is easily possible to distinguish the border between tumour and normal bladder tissue. OCT is a new high-resolution imaging procedure. It has the potential to improve the diagnostics of the urothelium and its lesions. In conjunction with a highly sensitive orientating procedure like fluorescence-cystoscopy, intraoperative staging of these changes could be possible in the future.

Proceedings Article | 13 April 2005 Paper

Ultrahigh-resolution FDOCT system for dermatology

Peter Koch, Dennis Boller, Edmund Koch, Julia Welzel, Gereon Huttmann

Proceedings Volume 5690, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.592800

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Image resolution, Beam splitters, Mirrors, Dermatology, Tissues, Image quality, Light sources, Interferometers, Wave plates

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Dispersion compensation for proximal scanning rigid OCT endoscopes

Eva Lankenau, Matthias Schumacher, Peter Koch, Frank Konig, Dmitri Daniltchenko, Dietmar Schnorr, Gereon Huettmann

Proceedings Volume 5316, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.531312

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Endoscopes, Dispersion, Interferometers, Endoscopy, Bladder, Single mode fibers, Scanners, Quartz, Refraction

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

Linear OCT system with down conversion of the fringe pattern

Peter Koch, Gereon Huettmann, Hansfrieder Schleiermacher, Joerg Eicholz, Edmund Koch

Proceedings Volume 5316, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.531323

KEYWORDS: Image sensors, Optical coherence tomography, Sensors, Modulation, Modulation transfer functions, Fringe analysis, Interferometers, Signal to noise ratio, Beam splitters, Spatial frequencies

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2004 Paper

In vivo optical coherence tomography in endoscopic diagnostics of bladder disease

Dmitri Daniltchenko, Eva Lankenau, Frank Konig, Brian Shay, Gereon Huettmann, Markus Sachs, Dietmar Schnorr, Stefan Loening

Proceedings Volume 5316, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.530207

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Bladder, Tumors, Endoscopy, Tissues, Tissue optics, Capillaries, Video, In vivo imaging, Endoscopes

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 January 2004 Open Access

Noninvasive optoacoustic temperature determination at the fundus of the eye during laser irradiation

Georg Schuele, Gereon Huttmann, Carsten Framme, Johann Roider, Ralf Brinkmann

JBO, Vol. 9, Issue 01, (January 2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1627338

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Pulsed laser operation, In vitro testing, Eye, Absorption, Continuous wave operation, Laser irradiation, Transducers, Laser therapeutics, Retina

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Proceedings Article | 16 October 2003 Paper

Inactivation of proteins by irradiation of gold nanoparticles with nano- and picosecond laser pulses

Gereon Huettmann, Benno Radt, Jesper Serbin, Reginald Birngruber

Proceedings Volume 5142, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.500525

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Gold, Particles, Picosecond phenomena, Nanoparticles, Absorption, Pulsed laser operation, Laser tissue interaction, Laser therapeutics, Gaussian beams

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Proceedings Article | 17 June 2002 Paper

Low-density plasmas below the optical breakdown threshold: potential hazard for multiphoton microscopy, and a tool for the manipulation of intracellular events

Alfred Vogel, Joachim Noack, Gereon Huettmann, Guenther Paltauf

Proceedings Volume 4620, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.470693

KEYWORDS: Plasmas, Ionization, Pulsed laser operation, Picosecond phenomena, Femtosecond phenomena, Multiphoton microscopy, Thermal effects, Laser damage threshold, Absorption, Free electron lasers

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Irradiance values employed in multiphoton microscopy are only one order of magnitude below the irradiance threshold for femtosecond optical breakdown in aqueous media (approximately equals 1.0 x 10¹³ W cm^-2). At the breakdown threshold, a plasma with a free electron density of about 10²¹ cm^-3 is generated, and the energy density in the breakdown region is sufficiently high to cause the formation of a bubble at the laser focus. We found previously that plasmas with a free electron density <10²¹ cm^-3 are formed also in a fairly large irradiance range below the breakdown threshold. The present study investigates the chemical, thermal, and thermomechanical effects produced by these low-density plasmas, and their consequences for multiphoton microscopy. We use a rate equation model considering multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization to numerically simulate the plasma formation. The value of the plasma energy density created by each laser pulse is then used to calculate the temperature distribution in the focal region. The results of the temperature calculations yield, finally, the starting point for calculations of the thermoelastic stresses that are generated during the formation of the low-density plasmas. We found that with femtosecond pulses a large 'tuning range' exists for the creation of spatially extremely confined chemical, thermal and mechanical effects via free electron generation through nonlinear absorption. Photochemical effects dominate at the lower end of this irradiance range, whereas at the upper end they are mixed with thermal effects and modified by thermoelastic stresses. Above the breakdown threshold, the spatial confinement is partly destroyed by cavitation bubble formation, and the laser-induced effects become more disruptive. Our simulations revealed that the highly localized ablation of subcellular structures recently demonstrated by other researchers are probably mediated by free-electron-induced chemical bond breaking and not related to heating or thermoelastic stresses. At the irradiance values employed in multiphoton microscopy (about 1/20 of the breakdown threshold), the model predicts, for (lambda) =800 nm wavelength, an electron density of about 10¹¹ cm^-3, sufficient to produce free electrons in the focal volume. Multiphoton microscopy may, hence, be accompanied by chemical effects arising from these electrons. We conclude that low density plasmas below the optical breakdown threshold can be a versatile tool for the manipulation of transparent biological media and other transparent materials but may also be a potential hazard in multiphoton microscopy and higher harmonic imaging.

Proceedings Article | 13 June 2002 Paper

Noninvasive temperature measurements during laser irradiation of the retina with optoacoustic techniques

Georg Schuele, Gereon Huettmann, Ralf Brinkmann

Proceedings Volume 4611, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.470601

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, In vitro testing, Pulsed laser operation, Continuous wave operation, Transducers, Calibration, Absorption, Laser therapeutics, Laser beam diagnostics, Laser irradiation

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2002 Paper

Femtosecond-laser-produced low-density plasmas in transparent biological media: a tool for the creation of chemical, thermal, and thermomechanical effects below the optical breakdown threshold

Alfred Vogel, Joachim Noack, Gereon Huettmann, Guenther Paltauf

Proceedings Volume 4633, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461385

KEYWORDS: Plasmas, Ionization, Pulsed laser operation, Thermal effects, Femtosecond phenomena, Picosecond phenomena, Free electron lasers, Laser damage threshold, Absorption, Biomedical optics

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The irradiance threshold for femtosecond optical breakdown in aqueous media is approximately equals 1.0x10¹³W cm^-2. At the breakdown threshold, a plasma with a free electron density of about 10²¹cm^-3 is generated, and the energy density in the breakdown region is sufficiently high to cause the formation of a bubble which can be experimentally observed. We found previously that plasmas with a free electron density <10²¹cm^-3 are formed also in a fairly large irradiance range below the breakdown threshold. The present study investigates the chemical, thermal, and thermomechanical effects produced by these low-density plasmas. We use a rate equation model considering multiphoton ionization and produced by these low-density plasmas. We use a rate equation model considering multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization to numerically simulate the temporal evolution of the free electron density during the laser pulse for a given irradiance, and to calculate the irradiance dependence of the free-electron density and volumetric energy density reached at the end of the laser pulse. The value of the energy density created by each laser pulse is then used to calculate the temperature distribution in the focal region after application of a single laser pulse and of series of pulses. The results of the temperature calculations yield, finally, the starting point for calculations of the thermoelastic stresses that are generated during the formation of the low-density plasmas. We found that, particularly for short wavelengths, a large 'tuning range' exists for the creation of spatially extremely confined chemical, thermal and mechanical effects via free electron generation through nonlinear absorption. Photochemical effects dominate at the lower end of this irradiance range, whereas at the upper end they are mixed with thermal effects and modified by thermoelastic stresses. Above the breakdown threshold, the spatial confinement is partly destroyed by cavitation bubble formation, and the laser-induced effects become more disruptive. Our simulations revealed that the highly localized ablation of intracellular structures and intranuclear chromosome dissection recently demonstrated by other researchers are probably mediated by free-electron- induced chemical bond breaking and not related to heating or thermoelastic stresses. We conclude that low density plasmas below the optical breakdown threshold can be a versatile tool for the manipulation of transparent biological media and other transparent materials. (enabling, e.g., the generation of optical waveguides in bulk glass). Low density plasmas may, however, also be a potential hazard in multiphoton microscopy and higher harmonic imaging.

Proceedings Article | 26 October 2001 Paper

Laser-generated micro- and nanoeffects: inactivation of proteins coupled to gold nanoparticles with nano- and picosecond pulses

Benno Radt, Jesper Serbin, Bjoern Lange, Reginald Birngruber, Gereon Huettmann

Proceedings Volume 4433, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.446518

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Picosecond phenomena, Gold, Particles, Laser tissue interaction, Luminescence, Absorption, Temperature metrology, Nanoparticles, Photochemistry

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Background: Protein denaturation in the fs-ns time regime is of fundamental interest for high precision applications in laser tissue interaction. Conjugates of colloidal gold coupled to proteins are presented as a model system for investigating ultrafast protein denaturation. It is expected that irradiation of such conjugates in tissue using pico- up to nanosecond laser pulses could result in effects with a spatial confinement in the regime of single macromolecules up to organelles. Materials and Methods: Experiments were done with bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (aP) coupled to 15 nm colloidal Gold. This complex was irradiated at 527 nm/ 532 nm with a variable number of pico- and nanosecond pulses. The radiant exposure per pulse was varied from 2 to 50 mJ/cm² in the case of the picosecond pulses and 10 to 500 mJ/cm² in the case of the nanosecond pulses. Denaturation was detected as a loss of protein function with the help of the uorescence substrate 4MUP. Results and Discussion: Irradiation did result in a steady decrease of the aP activity with increasing radiant exposures and increasing number of pulses. Inactivations up to 80% using 35 ps pulses at 527 nm with 50 mJ/cm² and a complete inactivation induced by 16 ns pulses at 450 mJ/cm² are discussed. The induced temperature in the particles and the surrounding water was calculated using Mie's formulas for the absorption of the nanometer gold particles and an analytical solution of the equations for heat diffusion. The calculated temperatures suggest that picosecond pulses heat a molecular scaled area whereas nanosecond pulses could be used for targeting larger cellular compartiments. It is difficult to identify one of the possible damage mechanisms, i.e. thermal denaturation or formation of micro bubbles, from the dependance of the inactivation on pulse energy and number of applied pulses. Therefore experiments are needed to further elucidate the damage mechanisms. The observed inactivation dependencies on applied energy and radiant power can not be explained with one or two photon photochemistry. In conclusion, denaturing proteins irreversibly via nanoabsorbers using pico-/ nanosecond laser pulses is possible. The expected confinement of the heat to the nanoabsorbers suggests that denaturation of proteins with nanometer precision could be possible with this approach. However, the mechanism of protein inactivation, which is part of present investigations, is crucial for the precision of such nanoeffects.

Proceedings Article | 9 July 2001 Paper

Model system for investigating laser-induced subcellular microeffects

Gereon Huettmann, Jesper Serbin, Benno Radt, Bjoern Lange, Reginald Birngruber

Proceedings Volume 4257, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.434739

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Particles, Picosecond phenomena, Gold, Luminescence, Absorption, Laser tissue interaction, Diffusion, Laser applications, Water

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Background: Laser induced protein denaturation is of fundamental interest for understanding the mechanisms of laser tissue interaction. Conjugates of nanoabsorbers coupled to proteins are presented as a model system for investigating ultrafast protein denaturation. Irradiation of the conjugates using repetitive picosecond laser pulses, which are only absorbed by the nanoabsorbers, could result in effects with a spatial confinement of less than 100 nm. Materials and Methods: Experiments were done with bovine intestinal alkaline phosphates (aP) coupled to 15 nm colloidal gold. This complex was irradiated at 527 nm wavelength and 35 ps pulse width with a varying number of pulses ranging form one up to 10⁴. The radiant exposure per pulse was varied form 2 mJ/cm² to 50 mJ/cm². Denaturation was detected as a loss of protein function with the help of the fluorescence substrate 4MUP. Results and discussion: Irradiation did result in a steady decrease of the aP activity with increasing radiant exposures and increasing number of pulses. A maximal inactivation of 80% was reached with 10⁴ pulses and 50 mJ/cm² per pulse. The temperature in the particles and the surrounding water was calculated using Mie's formulas for the absorption of the nanometer gold particles and ana analytical solution of the equations for heat diffusion. With 50 mJ/cm², the particles are heated above the melting point of gold. Since the temperature calculations strongly depend on changes in the state of matter of the particles and water, a very sophisticated thermal model is necessary to calculate exact temperatures. It is difficult to identify one of the possible mechanisms, thermal denaturation, photochemical denaturation or formation of micro bubbles from the dependance of the inactivation on pulse energy and number of applied pulses. Therefore, experiments are needed to further elucidate the damage mechanisms. In conclusion, denaturing proteins irreversibly via nanoabsorbers using picosecond laser pulses is possible. The confinement of the heat to the nanoabsorbers when irradiating with picosecond pulses suggests that the denaturation of proteins could be possible with nanometer precision in cells with this approach. However, the mechanism of protein inactivation, which is part of present investigations, is crucial for the precision of such nanoeffects.

Proceedings Article | 16 April 2001 Paper

Cr,Tm,Ho: YAG laser amplifier

Bjoern Lange, Benno Radt, Gereon Huettmann

Proceedings Volume 4267, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.424616

KEYWORDS: Amplifiers, Oscillators, Holmium, Pulsed laser operation, Mirrors, Absorption, Resonators, YAG lasers, Data modeling, Laser amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2000 Paper

Optoacoustic measurements during us irradiation of the retinal pigment epithelium

Georg Schuele, Gereon Huettmann, Johann Roider, Christopher Wirbelauer, Reginald Birngruber, Ralf Brinkmann

Proceedings Volume 3914, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.388090

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Pulsed laser operation, Transducers, Picosecond phenomena, Laser tissue interaction, Glasses, Ophthalmology, Neodymium lasers, Signal generators, Ultrasonics

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 1999 Paper

Selective RPE photodestruction: mechanism of cell damage by pulsed-laser irradiance in the ns to um time regime

Ralf Brinkmann, Jan Roegener, Charles Lin, Johann Roider, Reginald Birngruber, Gereon Huettmann

Proceedings Volume 3601, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350041

KEYWORDS: Pulsed laser operation, Laser damage threshold, Absorption, Neodymium lasers, Q switched lasers, Diffusion, Nd:YAG lasers, Photography, Luminescence, Laser ablation

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 1998 Paper

New balloon catheter system used for PDT in the human urinary bladder: accuracy of light distribution

Rolf Eichenauer, Gereon Huettmann, Stephan Woermer, Norbert Koop, Wolfgang Beyer, Dieter Jocham

Proceedings Volume 3247, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308141

KEYWORDS: Bladder, Photodynamic therapy, Sensors, Blood, Optical testing, Ultrasonography, Scattering, In vitro testing, Light scattering, Phototherapy

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Proceedings Article | 6 December 1996 Paper

Fluorescence microscopy studies on ALA-sensitized tissues

Gereon Huettmann, Wolfgang Achtelik, Martin Loening, Konrad Sommer, Heyke Diddens

Proceedings Volume 2926, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.260815

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Tissues, Microscopy, Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Microscopes, Spatial resolution, Skin, CCD cameras, Solids

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Proceedings Article | 2 April 1996 Paper

Protoporphyrin IX distribution after intra-articular and systemic application of 5-aminolevulinic acid in healthy and arthritic joints

Gereon Huettmann, Christian Hendrich, Reginald Birngruber, Christiane Lehnert, Jose Seara, Werner Siebert, Heyke Diddens

Proceedings Volume 2675, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237543

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Skin, Tissues, Cartilage, Photodynamic therapy, Tissue optics, Surgery, Laser therapeutics, Microscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 1995 Paper

Chemical instability of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in aqueous solution

Mercedes Novo Rodriguez, Gereon Huettmann, Heyke Diddens

Proceedings Volume 2371, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.203450

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Absorption spectroscopy, Chemical reactions, Clinical trials, Tumors, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Measurement of optical-transport coefficients of Intralipid in visible and NIR range

Yingtian Pan, Ralf Engelhardt, Juergen Rosperich-Palm, Gereon Huettmann, Reginald Birngruber

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182954

KEYWORDS: Optical testing, Near infrared, Integrating spheres, Scattering, Mie scattering, Integrated optics, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Signal attenuation, Fiber optics tests, Fiber optics

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Proceedings Article | 17 August 1994 Paper

Simple model for the effectiveness of PDT with pulsed-laser sources

Gereon Huettmann, Ansgar Heck, Heyke Diddens

Proceedings Volume 2134, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182962

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Pulsed laser operation, Laser therapeutics, Quantum efficiency, In vitro testing, Oxygen, Mass attenuation coefficient, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 1994 Paper

Possibility of measuring thermal protein denaturation by an optoacoustic method

Gereon Huettmann, M. Churio, Silvia Braslavsky, Reginald Birngruber

Proceedings Volume 2077, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.168030

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Pulsed laser operation, Photons, Absorption, Molecules, Particles, Signal detection, Diffusion, Acoustics, Mass attenuation coefficient

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