We compare two silicon-based broadband 3dB directional couplers (DCs) with different structures and assess their fabrication tolerance and temperature tolerance. One broadband DC comprises 3-segment waveguides, with a device footprint 32μm×1.3μm, the other comprises curved waveguides, with a device footprint 20μm×3μm. By adding phase control waveguide region or modifying the effective refractive index of curved waveguides, the wavelength sensitivity of the two DCs is reduced. Simulation results show that both DCs achieve an operation bandwidth of over 80 nm (covering the whole C-band), compared to ~10nm for a conventional DC, the operation bandwidth is enhanced almost 8~10 times, which is highly desired in optical communications. For the further study, we assess the fabrication tolerance and temperature tolerance of two broadband DCs, simulation results show that both two DCs show good temperature tolerance, and the curved waveguide DC has better fabrication tolerance than 3-segment DC for synchronous variation.
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