For a suspended nanowire, the holes surrounding the core are expected to be as large as possible to propagate the light at
wavelengths as long as possible. However, the fabrication of nanowire surrounded with large holes is still a challenge so
far. In this paper, a method which involves pumping positive pressure of nitrogen gas in both the cane fabrication and
fiber-drawing processes, is proposed. A suspended nanowire, with a core diameter of 480 nm and an unprecedented large
diameter ratio of holey region to core (DRHC) of at least 62, is fabricated in the length of several hundred meters. Owing
to the large holes, the confinement loss of the suspended nanowire is insignificant when the wavelength of light
propagated in it is 1700 nm. Additionally, the tube-shaped glass cladding of the suspended nanowire shifts the singlemode
cutoff wavelength to 810 nm, which is much shorter than the cutoff wavelength, 1070 nm, of a naked nanowire
with the same diameter. A single-mode supercontinuum (SC) generation covering a wavelength range of 900-1600 nm is
obtained under 1064 nm pump pulse with the peak power as low as 24 W. A single-mode third harmonic generation
(THG) is observed by this nanowire under the pump of a 1557 nm femtosecond fiber laser. This work indicates that the
suspended nanowire with large holes can provide high nonlinearity together with single-mode propagation, which leads
to interesting applications in compact nonlinear devices.
We demonstrate four-wave mixing based broadband (>68 nm) wavelength conversion and flattened supercontinuum
generation spanning from 900 to 2800 nm in a 36-cm long tellurite microstructured fiber which has a high nonlinearity.
By reducing the size of air holes of the tellurite microstructured fibers, single mode propagation and small dispersion
slope are obtained without the propagation loss enhancement. Our results show that chromatic-dispersion controlled
tellurite microstructured fibers are promising candidates for nonlinear applications.
Supercontinuum (SC) generation has the important applications such as broadband light source, optical coherence
tomography, ultra-short pulse compression, and optical frequency metrology, etc. Tellurite glass is transparent in the
mid-infrared range, and has a higher n2 than silica glass by at least one order of magnitude. We have fabricated the
hexagonally shaped tellurite air-clad fiber with a core diameter of around 1 μm through controlling the temperature field
exactly in the process of fiber-drawing. Since the SC generation strongly depends on the chromatic dispersion, which is
determined by the microstructure of fiber, it is interesting to investigate and demonstrate such dependence for such a
small core fiber in detail. In this work by pumping a positive pressure of nitrogen gas into the holes of preform, we
obtained 1 μm core fibers with diameter ratio of holey region to core (DRHC) varied from 3.5 to 20. The dispersion was
tailored effectively by the variation of DRHC. Dependences of SC on the microstructure and dispersion were
demonstrated. The pump lasers were picosecond and femtosecond fiber lasers. One octave flattened SC generation was
obtained for the fibers pumped by 1064 nm picosecond fiber laser with the pulse energy of several hundred pJ. Intense
second and third harmonic generations were obtained under the pump of a 1557 nm femtosecond fiber laser. The
correlation of dispersion and SC spectra was analyzed. Such tellurite microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) with high
nonlinearity and controlled dispersion are significant in nonlinear applications.
We report broad near-infrared soliton source generation in a TeO2-Bi2O3-ZnO-Na2O tellurite microstructured optical
fiber pumped by a 1557 nm femtosecond fiber laser. A continuous soliton wavelength shift from 1582 nm to 1851 nm
was realized through a tellurite microstructured optical fiber as short as 6.5 cm. Experimental results are in good
agreement with the numerical simulations using a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In addition, an analytical
description of the Raman response function of tellurite glass is provided, and a Raman contribution factor of 0.51 is
obtained from the actual Raman gain spectrum.
Tellurite highly nonlinear microstructured fibers were fabricated by pumping a positive pressure of nitrogen gas into the
holes of cane in the fiber drawing process. By adjusting the pump pressure to inflate the holes of the fiber, the
microstructures were reshaped, and the chromatic dispersions were tailored. Two kinds of fiber were fabricated. One is
an air-clad fiber with a 1 μm hexagonal core, which is the smallest core in this shape for the air-clad fiber. By changing
the inflation pressure, the diameter ratio of holey region to core (DRHC) was changed in the range of 1-20. Fibers with
DRHC of 3.5, 10, 20 were demonstrated. By increasing the DRHC, the zero dispersion wavelengths were shifted to the
short wavelength and the confinement loss were decreased. Another is a complex microstructure fiber with a 1.8 μm core
surrounded by four ring holes. The shape of the microstructure was reshaped so heavily by the inflation pressure that it is
obviously different from the original shape in the cane. The correlations among pump pressure, hole size, surface tension
and temperature gradient were investigated. The temperature gradient at the bottom of the preform's neck region was
evaluated quantitatively. The chromatic dispersion of this fiber was compared with that of a step-index air-clad fiber. It
was found that this fiber had a much more flattened chromatic dispersion. Supercontinuum generations were investigated
by the pump of a 1557 nm femtosecond fiber laser. Intense third harmonic generations were obtained from the 1μm
haxgonal core fiber. Broad and flattened spectrum was obtained from the complex microstructure fiber. This
investigations show that, by using a positive pressure to reshape the microstructure and by controlling the fabrication
conditions exactly, highly nonlinear soft glass fibers with desirable chromatic dispersion can be fabricated, and such
fibers have interesting applications in highly nonlinear field such as THG and SC generation.
We propose a chalcogenide (As2S3) core tellurite cladding microstructured fiber with
flattened normal dispersion for ultraflat supercontinuum (SC) generation. To realize flattened
normal dispersion, the structure parameters are optimized such as the chalcogenide core diameter,
the air hole diameter and the distance between the centers of the two neighboring air holes. The
ultraflat normal dispersion curve is obtained and the pulse propagation is investigated using a
nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is shown that an ultraflat SC spectrum with deviations less
than 4 dB over an octave (from 1400 nm to 3000 nm) can be achieved by the illumination of a
pulsed light with a pulse width of 200 fs, central wavelength of 2000 nm and peak power of 1000
W.
Raman spectral bandwidths of tellurite glasses are widened by using Raman active components of suitable
concentration in appropriate base glasses. The MoO6 octahedra were found to have high octahedral distortion; therefore,
have high Raman polarizability compared to WO6, NbO6, and TaO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra. This high Raman
polarizability enabled broadening of the spectral width up to ~350 cm-1 while maintaining high Raman scattering
intensities. Although similar bandwidths could be achieved using combined generation of WO6 octahedra and PO4
tetrahedra, the resultant Raman scattering intensity of such glasses is only half of that could be achievable using MoO6.
It is shown that the simplest tellurite glass showing wide spectral broadening is a quaternary system comprising a
network modifier (BaO or Bi2O3) and two Raman oscillators (NbO6 and MoO6 octahedra). Using the newly developed
gain medium gain flattened S+ C+ L ultrabroadband fiber Raman amplifier are designed by solving the inverse
amplifier design problem. The relative gain flatness and the effective bandwidth of new gain medium are better and
larger than those of conventional tellurite fibers.
In this paper, we investigate simultaneous 853 nm + 1533 nm amplification, and wavelength conversion between 1533 nm and 853 nm in Er3+-doped fluoride fiber. Based on our simulation results, simultaneous 853 nm (4S3/2→4I13/2 transition) + 1533 nm (4I13/2→4I15/2 transition) amplification, and wavelength conversion between 1533 nm and 853 nm can be realized in Er3+-doped fluoride fibers with the excitation of a 974 nm laser diode, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the interactions between 853 nm and 1533 nm amplifications, and discuss their effects on simultaneously 853
nm + 1533 nm amplifier. The crosstalk between 853 nm and 1533 nm signals is very weak because of relatively long lifetime (~10 ms) of the 4I13/2 level. By introducing a cavity for 853 nm or 1533 nm lasing into the system, the possibility of wavelength conversion from 1533 nm to 853 nm or from 853 nm to 1533 nm in Er3+-doped fluoride fiber excited at 974 nm is clarified, which can be used as the wavelength converter or optical switch between public (the third window: ~1533 nm) and local (the first window: ~853 nm) networks in future networks.
We demonstrate a 22 dB all-fiber amplifier at 546 nm using Er3+-doped fluoride fiber by forward upconversion pumping
of a 974 nm laser diode. The gain saturation effects and the power conversion efficiency of this amplifier are investigated
in detail based on gain characteristics and numerical simulations.
Tellurite glass micro-superspheres (Te-μSSs) were prepared by the surface-tension mold (StM) technique, and their whispering
gallery mode (WGM) resonances have been investigated as the first trial to realize an ultra-broadband Raman
resonator. Micrometer-sized tellurite glass particles were melted on an optical grade glassy-carbon substrate then cooled to
room temperature (StM technique). Resultant Te-μSS possesses a super-spherical shape with high optical transparency. The
size of the partly truncated area, resulting from the contact surface with the substrate, can be controlled by the composition
of the glass and a microsphere with no truncated area was achieved for a glass with 56TeO2-3.5BaO-10.5SrO-8Nb2O5-4WO3-16P2O5 (TBSN-4W-16P) composition. The TBSN-4W-16P μSS was excited at 532 nm, and the WGM resonance
emission attributed to broad Raman scattering of the glass itself was observed. The Q value of the μSS was ≈ 5 × 103.
It was confirmed that the prepared μSSs possess a sufficiently spherical shape and acted as an efficient WGM resonator.
These results predict that the Te-μSS has potential for a novel broadband Raman laser.
In this study, we investigated the performance of slow light generation via SBS or SRS in tellurite glass based on characterization of Raman and Brillouin gain coefficients and an evaluation method of slow light generation we developed. The effects of different heavy metal oxides additions on slow light generation via SRS in tellurite glass are also discussed. Our results show that designed tellurite glass is a promising candidate for slow light generation via SBS or SRS due to its high Raman and Brillouin gain coefficients.
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