THz frequency sources have a variety of applications ranging from
molecular spectroscopy, atmospheric remote sensing, scaled radar
range systems, sensing and monitoring of chemical and biological
molecules to wireless communications. However, there is a lack of
frequency tunable sources at these wavelengths. A frequency
upconverter can be used to generate frequency tunable sidebands as
a tunable high frequency source from a fixed source, such as Far
Infrared (FIR) Laser. The development of 1.6 THz frequency
upconverters with integrated diode circuit are described in this
paper. The integration of the diode with the embedding circuit
enhances mechanical robustness and makes the circuits easy to
handle compared with a whisker-contacted diode structure. A
nonlinear analysis is used to determine the optimum varactor diode
parameters. Through the optimization, the circuit quartz substrate
thickness is chosen to be 10 um and the anode diameter is
determined to be 1 um. With the non-ohmic cathode contact
technique and air bridge process (eliminating the surface channel
etch process), the 1.6 THz integrated circuits were fabricated in
University of Virginia with high yield. Furthermore, the
conversion loss is measured and presented. The test setup consists
of an FIR Laser, beam splitter, polarizer, parabolic mirror,
silicon etalon and other optical components. The average
conversion loss was measured to be approximatly 25 dB over 8 GHz
microwave pump. Equivalent circuit models and simulations are
presented to corroborate these results.
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