Dr. Hanzhi Lin Profile

Dr. Hanzhi Lin

at Science Systems and Applications Inc

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

An update on the MODIS thermal emissive bands on-orbit performance

Carlos Perez Diaz, Tiejun Chang, Hanzhi Lin, Aisheng Wu, Gal Sarid, Xiaoxiong Xiong

Proceedings Volume 12685, 126850P (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677456

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Crosstalk, Calibration, Photovoltaics, Long wavelength infrared, Equipment, Contamination, Mirrors, Histograms, Emissivity

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The MODIS instrument onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites provides key measurements of various environmental parameters such as the land, ocean, and atmosphere. After over two decades of successful operations, both sensors experienced anomalies in the year 2022. In March, the Aqua spacecraft and, subsequently, the MODIS instrument entered a safe mode, and Terra MODIS experienced a Command Processor and Format Processor (CP/FP) reset. Separately, the Terra constellation exit maneuver (CEM) was performed in October, which included the transition of the MODIS instrument into a safe configuration as well. While MODIS has 16 infrared channels referred to as the thermal emissive bands (TEB), only the longwave infrared bands (27-30) were significantly impacted due to an increase in electronic crosstalk contamination after the Aqua MODIS sensor entered into safe mode. Crosstalk corrections have been applied to these bands to maintain the Level 1B product quality. Although to a lesser extent, the same MODIS bands were affected due to a slight increase in electronic crosstalk contamination after the Terra CEM was completed. Lastly, the Terra MODIS CP/FP reset had an effect on the digital output that transferred onto its photovoltaic bands due to their calibration algorithm. This paper presents the impacts of these events on the instruments’ TEB performance, and the subsequent changes made to their respective calibration algorithms.

Proceedings Article | 4 October 2023 Paper

Aqua MODIS TEB crosstalk correction improvement and image quality enhancement

Tiejun Chang, Hanzhi Lin, Carlos Diaz, Xiaoxiong Xiong

Proceedings Volume 12685, 126851E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677395

KEYWORDS: Crosstalk, MODIS, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Calibration, Contamination, Image quality

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The MODIS instruments onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites have provided continuous global observations for science research and applications. The calibration accuracy and product quality have been maintained via routine monitoring and characterization of the instrument behavior. Electronic crosstalk in the thermal emissive bands (TEB) is a known issue, and its impact on the calibrated imagery has been mitigated via corrections derived from scheduled lunar observations. Mission-long crosstalk corrections for the Terra MODIS photovoltaic (PV) longwave infrared (LWIR) bands have been applied in Collection 6.1 (C6.1). In recent years, the electronic crosstalk between the Aqua PV LWIR bands has exhibited an increasing downward trend in the crosstalk coefficients. Just like Terra MODIS, this affects the Level-1B (L1B) product’s measurement accuracy and image quality. These artifacts were further amplified after the safe mode event in March 2022. Starting in April 2022, crosstalk corrections have been applied to the Aqua MODIS PV LWIR bands in the Level-1B product. However, due to the uncertainty associated with these crosstalk coefficients, an over- or under-correction was observed in the EV imagery in the form of residual striping. With the development of an Earth image assessment tool, the image striping has been quantified, and a subsequent correction was developed. The crosstalk coefficients for each receiving detector are additionally corrected to maintain the product’s image quality. Lastly, a crosstalk correction for select detectors in the MWIR bands is also applied to both MODIS missions in Collection 7.

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