Mobile phone sensing is a critical underpinning of pervasive mobile computing, and is one of the key factors for improving
people’s quality of life in modern society via collective utilization of the on-board sensing capabilities of people’s
smartphones. The increasing demands for sensing services and ambient awareness in mobile environments highlight the
necessity of active participation of individual mobile users in sensing tasks. User incentives for such participation have
been continuously offered from an application-centric perspective, i.e., as payments from the sensing server, to compensate
users’ sensing costs. These payments, however, are manipulated to maximize the benefits of the sensing server, ignoring
the runtime flexibility and benefits of participating users. This paper presents a novel framework of user-centric incentive
design, and develops a universal sensing platform which translates heterogenous sensing tasks to a generic sensing plan
specifying the task-independent requirements of sensing performance. We use this sensing plan as input to reduce three
categories of sensing costs, which together cover the possible sources hindering users’ participation in sensing.
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