We propose a theoretical analysis of the effect of noise on the dynamics of miniature optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) based on whispering-gallery mode resonators. Our approach is based on Langevin equations for the modal optical fields, coupled with a Langevin equation for the noisy photodetector. This model successfully allows to determine some of the noise properties in the optical and microwave signals.
Whispering-gallery mode resonators (WGMR) have been used instead of fiber delay lines for energy storage in ultra-pure microwave generation using optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs). They can reduce the size of the OEOs by replacing the optical fiber delay line, thereby simplifying the OEO architecture. So far, there has been no mathematical framework to understand the dynamics of these miniature OEOs. We propose a theoretical model based on a field envelope approach that describes their nonlinear dynamics. We perform a stability analysis of the stationary states and characterize the critical gain leading to microwave oscillations as a function of the detuning frequency of the central mode, and as a function of the intrinsic properties of the WGMR.
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