To understand a comprehensive atmospheric state, it is important to classify clouds in satellite images into
appropriate classes. Many researches utilizing various features concerning the cloud texture have been reported
in cloud classification. However, some clouds can not be classified uniquely only with the texture features.
According to the knowledge of the experts, they classify the clouds in two stages. They firstly categorize the
clouds into the provisional classes according to the brightnesses of the satellite images. They then classify each
provisional class into the objective class based on the texture, shape and velocity of the cloud employing the
meteorological knowledge about the time and location of the image. In this paper, we propose a novel method
for the cloud classification that consists of two stages and utilizes cloud movement as human experts adopt. We
firstly classify the clouds into 20 classes based on their brightnesses of the two-band spectral images. We then
closely analyze the classes according to five features such as the brightnesses, deviations of brightness and cloud
velocity estimated by varying window size adaptively. The experimental results are shown to verify the proposed
method.
Artificial hosts such as crown ethers, cryptands, calixarenes, and others have been used for detecting metal ions or others mostly in organic solvents. On the other hand, we prepared many cyclodextrin derivatives bearing one or two chromophores and found that they can be used as sensors for detecting various organic compounds in aqueous solution. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are spectroscopically inert, but they can be converted into spectroscopically active hosts by modification with appropriate chromophores. The modified CDs usually form self-inclusion complexes by including one or two chromophore moieties in their cavities. Fluorophore-modified CDs exhibit guest-responsive fluorescence intensity variation and the mechanism for signal transduction from guest binding to fluorescence response involves the conformational changes of modified CDs as shown by the exclusion of the fluorophore moiety from inside to outside of the CD cavity in guest binding. Here, we show molecular recognition and sensing abilities of various new types of modified CDs which bear naphthalene, dansyl, p-(dimethylamino)benzoyl or pyrene unit as a fluorescent moiety.
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