Minnaert constants are calculated from the intensity of the light scattered from the surface of
objects. Focused on remote sensing of vegetation on the earth's surface, the light reflected
from leaves is measured. A remote sensing simulator is used in an experimental room with a
halogen lamp as an optical source and a Wratten gelatin filter No. 25 as a filter. Bidirectional
reflectance from two kinds of leaves with different degrees of roughness is measured and their
Minnaert constants are obtained by recurrent analysis of the results. The Minnaert constant for
a leaf with a smooth surface is larger than 1 (Lambertian surface) and that with a rough surface
is smaller than 1.
Atmopheric turbulence is one of the important correction factors to evaluate the earth's surface using a sinsor on a satellite. CO2 and aerosol are selected as factors of turbulence. The effects of turbulence caused by CO2 and aerosol on the light reflected from the earth's surface are estimated by measuring the degradation of spatial coherence of light in a chamber in which atmospheric turbulence is generated. Dry ice is used to generate carbon dioxide gas. degradation of spatial coherence is measured in relation to the increase of CO2. Turbulence caused by aerosol is measured by density of smoke cigarettes. The spatial coherence of light in the chamber degrades in relation to the increase of aerosol and as a result the turbulence increases. The relation between the turbulence and the degree of spatial coherence is explained in a formula.
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