Long-period fiber gratings (LPGs) are fabricated and investigated for use in an LPG vibration sensor based on intensity
modulation scheme in which a tunable laser with its wavelength tuned to a slope of an attenuation dip of an LPG is used
for an optical source and the light partially transmitted through the LPG is modulated in intensity according to the
applied vibrations. In the experiment, it is demonstrated that the LPG vibration sensor yields a clear and stable output
waveform. In addition, it is confirmed that the sensitivity of the sensor depends on the wavelength-shift of attenuation
dip per unit strain and the gradient of a slope of the attenuation dip. Since an LPG shows higher sensitivity to static or
dynamic strain when an appropriate higher-order cladding mode is adopted, proper choice of the order of cladding
mode enables a highly sensitive operation of the LPG vibration sensor.
A multi-wavelength tunable fiber laser is constructed for a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) fiber Bragg grating
(FBG) sensor array in which simultaneous detection of multipoint vibrations and temperature stabilization of the sensor
outputs are achieved. The laser consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a gain medium and of FBGs as
wavelength selection components. Since the SOA is an inhomogeneous broadening gain medium, stable multi-wavelength
oscillation at the Bragg wavelengths of the FBGs can be realized. In addition, the oscillation wavelengths of
the laser can be tuned by applying strain to the FBGs used. In the sensor scheme, triple wavelength fiber laser is
fabricated, in which the three wavelength components provide narrowband light sources for arrayed WDM FBG sensors
and the wavelength tuning enables temperature compensation for the vibration detection. In the experiment,
simultaneous three-point vibration detection with temperature stabilization has been successfully demonstrated.
Long-period fiber gratings (LPG) are fabricated by illuminating 248 nm KrF excimer laser light to a single-mode optical
fiber that is photosensitized with boron doping. By applying the intensity-modulation scheme, which is known to be
effective as an interrogation method for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration and underwater acoustic sensors, we
construct an optical vibration sensor of a solid that uses a LPG as a sensing element. It is confirmed that the LPG
vibration sensor yields a clear and stable signal waveform and shows good linearity when the amplitude of the vibration
strain is varied. The dynamic range of the sensor would be more than 100 dB, which is larger than that with a FBG as
a sensing element. Since a LPG is known to show higher sensitivity to static strain when one uses a higher-order
cladding mode, it is expected that with proper choice of the cladding mode a LPG vibration sensor will show much
higher sensitivity than a FBG vibration sensor.
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