This paper presents a visual servoing application with and without motion compensation and a fixed visual servoing
configuration for CO2 laser osteotomy. A multi camera system from ART is used to track the position of the robot and a
skull via marker spheres that are attached to both. A CT scan from the skull is performed and segmented to acquire a 3D
model. Inside the model the position for the robot for the laser ablation is planned. The accuracy of the lightweight robot
is increased with the additional supervision of an optical tracking system. Accuracy improvement was measured with an
FARO measurement arm. A visual servoing control schema is presented. The demonstrator shows a working visual
servoing application for laser osteotomy. To improve the error resulting mainly from the delay to acquire the data from
the devices a motion compensation algorithm is introduced based on iterative learning and a normalized Least Mean
Square (nLMS) filter. The results during the simulation and the experimental setup are shown. The system was then
evaluated with the CO2 laser system OsteoLas X10 from Caesar - Bonn, Germany. Different cuts are performed with the
robot and the CO2 laser system. For the breathing motion a robotic breathing simulator is used. The reached accuracy
and the cutting results on bone are shown.
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