In vitro biochemical synthesis is considered a major challenge in replicating cellular functions in engineered systems. Presented is the first nanosized hybrid factory where biochemical reactions take place resulting in the production of biomolecules. A cellular ATP synthesis process is reconstructed in vitro within a bubble architecture using engineered artificial organelles. This is the first introduction of biochemical synthesis from a multiprotein polymersome system and the demonstration of complex proteins' stable functionality in an artificial structure. This hybrid system is expected to have wide application in a number of fields ranging from the in vitro investigation of cellular metabolism to the synthesis of a new class of functional materials.
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