Dr. Isaac O. O. Afara Profile

Dr. Isaac O. O. Afara

at Univ of Eastern Finland

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Publications (5)

SPIE Journal Paper | 13 December 2023 Open Access

Broadband scattering properties of articular cartilage zones and their relationship with the heterogenous structure of articular cartilage extracellular matrix

Iman Kafian-Attari, Ervin Nippolainen, Florian Bergmann, Akuroma George, Petri Paakkari, Arash Mirhashemi, Florian Foschum, Alwin Kienle, Juha Töyräs, Isaac O. Afara

JBO, Vol. 28, Issue 12, 125003, (December 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.28.12.125003

KEYWORDS: Cartilage, Tissues, Light scattering, Collagen, Rayleigh scattering, Scattering, Anatomy, Biological samples, Mie scattering, Transmittance

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SignificanceArticular cartilage exhibits a zonal architecture, comprising three distinct zones: superficial, middle, and deep. Collagen fibers, being the main solid constituent of articular cartilage, exhibit unique angular and size distribution in articular cartilage zones. There is a gap in knowledge on how the unique properties of collagen fibers across articular cartilage zones affect the scattering properties of the tissue.AimThis study hypothesizes that the structural properties of articular cartilage zones affect its scattering parameters. We provide scattering coefficient and scattering anisotropy factor of articular cartilage zones in the spectral band of 400 to 1400 nm. We enumerate the differences and similarities of the scattering properties of articular cartilage zones and provide reasoning for these observations.ApproachWe utilized collimated transmittance and integrating sphere measurements to estimate the scattering coefficients of bovine articular cartilage zones and bulk tissue. We used the relationship between the scattering coefficients to estimate the scattering anisotropy factor. Polarized light microscopy was applied to estimate the depth-wise angular distribution of collagen fibers in bovine articular cartilage.ResultsWe report that the Rayleigh scatterers contribution to the scattering coefficients, the intensity of the light scattered by the Rayleigh and Mie scatterers, and the angular distribution of collagen fibers across tissue depth are the key parameters that affect the scattering properties of articular cartilage zones and bulk tissue. Our results indicate that in the short visible region, the superficial and middle zones of articular cartilage affect the scattering properties of the tissue, whereas in the far visible and near-infrared regions, the articular cartilage deep zone determines articular cartilage scattering properties.ConclusionThis study provides scattering properties of articular cartilage zones. Such findings support future research to utilize optical simulation to estimate the penetration depth, depth-origin, and pathlength of light in articular cartilage for optical diagnosis of the tissue.

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2020 Paper

Optical properties of articular cartilage in the near-Infrared spectral range are related to its proteoglycan content

Iman Kafian-Attari, Dmitry Semenov, Ervin Nippolainen, Markku Hauta-Kasari, Juha Töyräs, Isaac Afara

Proceedings Volume 11363, 113630W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555291

KEYWORDS: Cartilage, Optical properties, Light scattering, Tissues, Bone, Natural surfaces, Tissue optics, Diffuse optical spectroscopy, Light-matter interactions, Laser tissue interaction, Near infrared spectroscopy, Chemometrics

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2020 Presentation

Mid-infrared fiber spectroscopy for detection of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (Conference Presentation)

Olga Bibikova, Valentin Mironovich, Iskander Usenov, Elena Feliksberger, Alexey Bocharnikov, Anastasia Surkova, Valeria Belikova, Ervin Nippolainen, Isaac Afara, Julian Haas, Vesa Virtanen, Lassi Rieppo, Harold Brommer, René van Weeren, Michael Pleyer, Johannes Koeth, Markus Nägele, Juha Töyräs, Boris Mizaikoff, Tatiana Sakharova, Viacheslav Artyushenko

Proceedings Volume 11233, 112330J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544893

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Cartilage, Mid-IR, Quantum cascade lasers, FT-IR spectroscopy, Tissues, Molecules, Molecular spectroscopy, Fiber optics, Diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2019 Presentation

Multi-spectral fiber spectroscopy methods as solutions for label-free medical diagnostics (Conference Presentation)

Olga Bibikova, Ervin Nippolainen, Isaac Afara, Julian Haas, Vesa Virtanen, Lasi Rieppo, Sonata Adomaviciute, Harold Brommer, René van Weeren, Anastasia Melenteva, Valeria Belikova, Urszula Zabarylo, Olaf Minet, Juha Töyräs, Valdas Sablinskas, Boris Mizaikoff, Viacheslav Artyushenko

Proceedings Volume 10890, 108901Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509174

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Medical diagnostics, Spectroscopy, Spectroscopes, Fiber optics, Tissue optics, Kidney, Cartilage, Optical spectroscopy, Molecular spectroscopy

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SPIE Journal Paper | 23 December 2017 Open Access

Optical spectroscopic characterization of human meniscus biomechanical properties

Juho Ala-Myllymäki, Elvis Danso, Juuso T. J. Honkanen, Rami Korhonen, Juha Töyräs, Isaac Afara

JBO, Vol. 22, Issue 12, 125008, (December 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.22.12.125008

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Spectroscopy, Optical spectroscopy, Collagen, Tissues, Statistical modeling, Near infrared spectroscopy, Data modeling, Cartilage, Tissue optics

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