A photonics localization method, called inverse participation ratio (IPR), is adeptly applied to elucidate the effects of probiotics and alcohol on colon cancer by quantifying the DNA molecular-specific spatial structural changes in colon cancer cell nuclei on a colon cancer mouse model via confocal imaging. The IPR light localization technique measures the degree of structural disorder of DNA molecular-specific spatial mass density fluctuations. The nuclear structural alterations in colon cancer cell nuclei have been known to begin at the nano-to-submicron level, which precedes and predicts more prominent microscopic observations later in the disease. The effects of probiotics on alcohol-treated colon cancer are not a well-understood problem. However, probiotics like Lactobacillus have proven effective in enhancing colon cell/tissue functions. The IPR study results show that alcohol treatment enhances colon cancer, and the treatment of probiotics on alcohol-treated colon cancer tries to bring colon cancer less severe to normal. We acknowledge the grant NIH- R21CA260147.
Among the deadliest diseases in human history, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that increases in seriousness over time. Changes in the brain start several decades before the development of AD, as an abnormal protein, beta-amyloid, start aggregating in the hippocampus area of the brain. At an early stage of AD, structural changes occur at the nanoscale level due to intracellular structural alterations. Hence, detecting nanoscale-level abnormalities early in the disease process is crucial for effective treatment. Dual optical/photonic techniques, Partial wave spectroscopy (PWS), and inverse participation ratio (IPR), are used to detect the nano to submicron scales structural alterations in the human brain cells/tissues due to AD.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and loss of both motor and non-motor features. We apply photonics techniques for the characterization of structural changes in brain cells/tissues in progressive PD. In particular, we use mesoscopic optical physics-based finer-focused partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) technique to quantify the nano to submicron scales structural alterations in the brain tissues. Initial results show a change in structural disorder (Ld) as well as in the nuclear DNA spatial mass density in brain tissues of PD patients due to density fluctuations.
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