The unusual dynamics of the Venus atmosphere remains one of the most intriguing puzzles of our sister planet. IVOLGA (an oriole - a Russian abbreviation to “Fiber Infrared Heterodyne Analyzer”) will be the first-ever spaceborne instrument to measure transmittance spectra of Venus atmosphere with an ultra-high spectral resolution (≥1 000 000) in the near-infrared. The instrument’s capability to observe the fully resolved shape of individual lines in CO2 rovibrational bands at 1.6 – 2 um opens an opportunity to retrieve information about the chemical composition, wind velocity, and temperature of the sounded atmospheric layers. Observations will provide data on wind and temperature profiles in the altitude range of 75-140 km with a high vertical resolution by sounding the atmosphere of Venus in solar occultation mode. The instrument based on commercial telecommunication optical and electronic components is a compact, affordable and reliable unit, planned to be launched onboard the Venus Orbiter Mission of the Indian Space Research Organization.
An implementation of laser absorption wavelength-modulation spectroscopy technique combined with quadrature detection of scattered radiation for remote monitoring of atmospheric industrial pollution by means of a compact lidar gas sensor, that may be installed at unmanned aerial vehicles, is presented. The instrument may be used for gas pipeline leak search and monitoring toxic gases near landfills, waste incinerators and other hazardous industries, analyze the internal atmosphere at industrial buildings and technological cycles control, providing sensitivity level of tens ppm*m at typical distances of tens meters. In order to increase the sensitivity of the device, in addition to temperature stabilization the laser radiation frequency is stabilized using a reference spectral absorption line of the selected gas.
This work presents a laser heterodyne spectroradiometer and fundamentals of its design. The high spectral resolution spectroradiometer (λ/δλ ~ 107-108) is used for measurements of atmospheric СО2 and СН4 concentration and allows analyzing a fully resolved contour of individual rotational lines of vibrational spectra. This work is focused on a multichannel configuration of the laser heterodyne spectroradiometer and influences such technique on the instrument’s measurement characteristics.
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