Four large zoom lens systems are currently being built for x-ray sources. Radiographic imaging needs require 270 mm x 270 mm square scintillators and the capability to use both 92 x 92 mm and 62 x 62 mm CCD cameras. Each zoom lens system incorporates 11 elements and is designed to be almost telecentric in both image and object space. Each zoom lens system images a thick scintillator emitting light peaking at 435 nm, so special glass types are required for the lens elements. Much larger elliptical pellicles are needed to deflect the scintillator light out of the x-ray path into the zoom lens system.
The optical axis of the imaging system must be colinear with the x-ray axis. Two scintillators are positioned on each of two x-ray axes, for a total of four scintillators and four zoom lens systems. An optional configuration will be shown, enabling two lens systems imaging opposite sides of a single scintillator, for a total of four lenses and two scintillators. Although this configuration has advantages, it could suffer from crosstalk. Care must be taken to analyze the anti-reflection coatings applied to all the elements in the imaging chain, including the CCD array and its vacuum window.
Design of two-color counter-propagating laser alignment systems will be demonstrated, which shows how the best possible resolution can be achieved. Flip mirrors are used to allow six alignment lasers to have access to the optical axis. Monitoring all retro-reflections at two different wavelengths simplify optical alignment. The evolution of our x-ray radiographic systems over the last two decades will be discussed.
Interrogating ejecta particles launched from target materials that are undergoing dynamic shock can be done with both xray imaging and visible shadowgraph imaging. Our dynamic testing must be done inside a containment vessel with limited access ports available. We designed an imaging system to relay both types of imaging systems through a single port using the same optical relay and then splitting the images onto three separate high-speed imaging cameras outside the containment vessel. X-ray imaging provides ejecta density measurements. Shadowgraph imaging that is done at two wavelengths (blue and red) constrains ejecta particle size distributions and provides areal density measurements of the ejecta cloud. The ejecta particles are positioned 225 mm before the x-ray scintillators; this arrangement permits a folded mirror system to allow the shadowgraph data to bypass the x-ray scintillators. This configuration results in spatial separations between the intermediate image planes of the x-ray and shadowgraph images along the optical axis. At the position of the x-ray intermediate image plane, mirrors are positioned such that the shadowgraph images are kicked out and their images are sent on to different cameras. Positioning of the large doublet relay lenses keeps shrapnel from impacting the vessel containment windows.
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