Mr. James McRae Profile

James McRae

at Worcester Polytechnic Institute

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2020 Paper

Controlling crystal growth of non-toxic Bismuth iodide (BiI3) semiconducting material for efficient photovoltaics

M. Masroor, T. Yan, J. McRae, E. Molstad, R. Rivas, E. Ruano, A. McClelland, P. Rao

Proceedings Volume 11275, 112750H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544043

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Photovoltaics, Solar cells, Bismuth, Thin films, Lead, Semiconductors

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High absorption coefficient, suitable band gap, and high electron mobility makes non-toxic 2D bismuth iodide (BiI₃) a promising alternative to efficient, toxic perovskites and inorganic solar cells containing lead (Pb). In this work, we successfully synthesized, controlled, and optimized the crystal orientation of BiI₃ crystals grown directly on a transparent conductive substrate using a custom-built close space sublimation (CSS) method. Morphology characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms the controlled morphology of BiI₃ crystals. Record photoexcited carrier lifetime of 0.6 ns was characterized by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy for the optimized vertical BiI₃ crystals. The photoluminescence confirmed the band gap of the BiI₃ film to be 1.82 ev which is a suitable band gap for photovoltaic application. The optimized vertical BiI₃ crystals device showed a power conversion efficiency of 0.6% due to the fact that the optimized vertically oriented crystals allowed us to harness the high in-plane electron mobility of BiI₃. Higher efficiencies can be obtained by further optimizing the electron and hole transport layers in our PV device. This work paves the way for controlling the orientation and morphology of BiI₃ for efficient solar cells by using a facile, scalable, and transfer-free CSS method.

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