Dr. James D. Noll Profile

Dr. James D. Noll

at National Institute Occupational Safety and Heath

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2011 Paper

Aerosol sensing technologies in the mining industry

Samuel Janisko, James Noll, Emanuele Cauda

Proceedings Volume 8029, 80291E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884315

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Mining, Atmospheric particles, Optical filters, Land mines, Time metrology, Absorption filters, Quantization, Aerodynamics, Calibration

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Recent health, safety and environmental regulations are causing an increased demand for monitoring of aerosols in the mining industry. Of particular concern are airborne concentrations of combustible and toxic rock dusts as well as particulate matter generated from diesel engines in underground mines. In response, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has been evaluating a number of real time sensing technologies for potential use in underground mines. In particular, extensive evaluation has been done on filter-based light extinction using elemental carbon (EC) as a surrogate measurement of total diesel particulate matter (DPM) mass concentration as well as mechanical tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) technology for measurement of both DPM and rock dust mass concentrations. Although these technologies are promising in their ability to accurately measure mine aerosols for their respective applications, there are opportunities for design improvements or alternative technologies that may significantly enhance the monitoring of mine aerosols. Such alterations can lead to increases in sensitivity or a reduction in the size and cost of these devices. This paper provides a brief overview of current practices and presents results of NIOSH research in this area. It concludes with a short discussion of future directions in mine aerosol sensing research.

Proceedings Article | 5 October 2007 Paper

Using laser absorption techniques to monitor diesel particulate matter exposure in underground stone mines

James Noll, Sam Janisko

Proceedings Volume 6759, 67590P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.737790

KEYWORDS: Mining, Carbon, Absorption, Optical filters, Analytical research, Atmospheric particles, Environmental sensing, Aerosols, Quartz, Safety

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Underground miners are exposed to some of the highest levels of diesel particulate matter (DPM) in the United States. Therefore, it is important to monitor the exposure of miners to DPM, but it can be difficult because of the complex composition of DPM and the number of interferences. Currently, elemental carbon (EC) is used as a surrogate because it makes up a significant fraction of the DPM and is not affected by interferences. Standard measurement methods for EC can be time consuming and only record end of shift results. In this research, a laser absorption technique that enables one to measure EC concentration in near real time was shown to be a beneficial tool. The real time data showed that the fresh air being drawn into a stone mine was not properly reaching the working area and needed to be redirected to decrease DPM concentrations. The real time data also provided a more accurate efficiency of an environmental cab compared to just using the standard method by detecting the opening of the cab's window and door. The EC optical monitor was also worn by researchers in a mine to show how it can give not only the average concentration for the shift but also reveal when and where a miner is exposed to DPM.

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