Ms. Jenifer L. Lawrie Profile

Jenifer L. Lawrie

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2014 Paper

Understanding and mitigating DNA induced corrosion in porous silicon based biosensors

Yiliang Zhao, Jenifer Lawrie, Paul Laibinis, Sharon Weiss

Proceedings Volume 8933, 893302 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2038653

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Waveguides, Corrosion, Molecules, Biosensors, Ions, Target detection, Refractive index, Bioalcohols, Sensors

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Porous silicon structures have been demonstrated as effective biosensors due to their large surface area, size-selective filtering capabilities, and tunable optical properties. However, porous silicon surfaces are highly susceptible to oxidation and corrosion in aqueous environments and solutions containing negative charges. In DNA sensing applications, porous silicon corrosion can mask the DNA binding signal as the typical increase in refractive index that results from a hybridization event can be countered by the decrease in refractive index due to corrosion of the porous silicon matrix. Such signal ambiguity should be eliminated in practical devices. In this work, we carefully examined the influence of charge density and surface passivation on the corrosion process in porous silicon waveguides in order to control this process in porous silicon based biosensors. Both increased DNA probe density and increased target DNA concentration enhance the corrosion process, leading to an overall blueshift of the waveguide resonance. While native porous silicon structures degrade upon prolonged exposure to solutions containing negative charges, porous silicon waveguides that are sufficiently passivated to prevent oxidation/corrosion in aqueous solution exhibit a saturation effect in the corrosion process, which increases the reliability of the sensor. For practical implementation of porous silicon DNA sensors, the negative charges from DNA must be mitigated. We show that a redshift of the porous silicon waveguide resonance results from either replacing the DNA target with neutral charge PNA or introducing Mg2+ ions to shield the negative charges of DNA.

Proceedings Article | 24 February 2009 Paper

DNA oligonucleotide synthesis in mesoporous silicon for biosensing applications

Jenifer Lawrie, Zhou Xu, Paul Laibinis, Michael Molinari, Sharon Weiss

Proceedings Volume 7167, 71670R (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809606

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Waveguides, Molecules, Sensors, Bioalcohols, Refractive index, Water, Target detection, Prisms, Carbon

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We report a method for improving the sensitivity of label-free optical biosensors based on in-situ synthesis of DNA probes within porous silicon structures. The stepwise attachment of up to 15mer probes inside 30 nm mesopores was accomplished through a series of phosphoramidite reactions. In this work, a porous silicon waveguide was utilized as the sensor structure. Synthesis of DNA probe, as well as sensing of target DNA, was verified by monitoring the change in effective refractive index of the porous silicon waveguide through angle-resolved attenuated total reflectance measurements. The average resonance shift per oligo of 0.091° during stepwise synthesis corresponds to surface coverage slightly less than 50%, according to theoretical models. When compared with the traditional method of direct attachment of pre-synthesized oligonucleotide probes, the sequential phosphoramidite method resulted in an approximately four-fold increase in DNA probe attachment. This increased surface coverage by DNA probes increases the likelihood of target molecule binding, leading to improved sensitivity for bio-molecule detection. Exposure to a 50&mgr;M solution of target 8-base DNA in deionized water produced a 0.4236° change in the waveguide resonance angle. Nanomolar detection limits for small molecule sensing are realizable with this sensor scheme.

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