Spatial computing enables overlay of the digital world over the real world in a spatially interactive manner by merging digital light-fields, perception systems, and computing. The digital content presented by the spatial computing needs to work tandemly with real-world surroundings, and more importantly the human eye-brain system, which is the ultimate judge for system success. As a result, to develop a spatial computing system, it would be essential to have a proxy for the human eye-brain to calibrate and verify the performance of the spatial computing system. This paper proposes a novel camera design for such purpose which mimics human ocular anatomy and physiology in the following aspects: geometry, optical performance and ocular motor control. Specifically, the proposed camera not only adopts the same corneal and pupil geometry from human eye, also the iris and pupil can be configured with multiple texture, color and diameter options. Furthermore, the resolution of eyeball camera is designed to match the acuity of typical 20/20 human vision, and focus can be dynamically adjusted from 0 to 3 diopters. Lastly, a pair of eyeball cameras are mounted independently on two hexapods to simulate the eye gaze and vergence. With the help of the eyeball cameras, both perceived virtual and real world can be calibrated and evaluated in a deterministic and quantifiable eye conditions like pupil location and gaze. Principally, the proposed eyeball camera serves as a bridge which combines all the data from spatial computing like eye tracking, 3D geometry of the digital world, display color accuracy/uniformity, and display optical quality (sharpness, contrast, etc) for a holistic view, which helps to effectively blend the virtual and real worlds together seamlessly.
Passive millimeter wave (mmW) imagers have improved in terms of resolution sensitivity and
frame rate. Currently, the Office of Naval Research (ONR), along with the US Army Research,
Development and Engineering Command, Communications Electronics Research Development
and Engineering Center (RDECOM CERDEC) Night Vision and Electronic Sensor Directorate
(NVESD), are investigating the current state-of-the-art of mmW imaging systems. The focus of
this study was the performance of mmW imaging systems for the task of small watercraft / boat
identification field performance. First mmW signatures were collected. This consisted of a set of
eight small watercrafts; at 5 different aspects, during the daylight hours over a 48 hour period in
the spring of 2008. Target characteristics were measured and characteristic dimension, signatures,
and Root Sum Squared of Target's Temperature (RRSΔT) tabulated. Then an eight-alternative,
forced choice (8AFC) human perception experiment was developed and conducted at NVESD.
The ability of observers to discriminate between small watercraft was quantified. Next, the task
difficulty criterion, V50, was quantified by applying this data to NVESD's target acquisition
models using the Targeting Task Performance (TTP) metric. These parameters can be used to
evaluate sensor field performance for Anti-Terrorism / Force Protection (AT/FP) and navigation
tasks for the U.S. Navy, as well as for design and evaluation of imaging passive mmW sensors for
both the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard.
We have developed a first generation of electro-optic polymer modulators, designed specifically for passive millimeter-wave
detection. The advantages of utilizing electro-optic polymers for modulator fabrication are their economical and
simple fabrication, potential for large scale array fabrication, and well matched RF and optical indices, which provide
the potential for an excellent high-frequency response. The current drawbacks of these devices include long term device
stability due to oxidation and the relative immaturity of the RF designs for the modulator and interconnects, which lead
to unacceptable internal losses and low sensitivity. These are both items we expect remedied in the upcoming year. We
provide a brief overview on the opto-electronic method of detecting millimeter waves and our design and fabrication of
the polymer modulator. Current measured results for the modulator response at 95GHz are presented and an analysis of
the required performance for imaging is presented.
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