Dr. Jose K. Abraham Profile

Dr. Jose K. Abraham

at Kimberly-Clark Corp

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (23)

Proceedings Article | 1 April 2009 Paper

Performance modeling and analysis of consumer classes in large scale systems

Sh. Al-Shukri, R. Lenin, S. Ramaswamy, A. Anand, V. Narasimhan, J. Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 7291, 72910Y (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.821560

KEYWORDS: Sensor networks, Astatine, Data modeling, Mathematical modeling, Systems modeling, C++, Performance modeling, Human-machine interfaces, Sensors, Field emission displays

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2009 Paper

Neuroelectronics and modeling of electrical signals for monitoring and control of Parkinson's disease

Ritesh Chintakuntla, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 7291, 72910T (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.829927

KEYWORDS: Neurons, Sodium, Potassium, Brain, Motion models, Ions, Parkinson's disease, Electronics, Device simulation, Circuit switching

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2008 Paper

Growth of CNT array for physiological monitoring applications

J. K. Radhakrishnan, H. Bhusan, P. Pandian, K. U. B. Rao, V. C. Padaki, K. Aatre, J. Xie, J. Abraham, V. Varadan

Proceedings Volume 6931, 69310P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.798231

KEYWORDS: Carbon nanotubes, Electrodes, Scanning electron microscopy, Chemical vapor deposition, Electroencephalography, Argon, Annealing, Titanium, Semiconducting wafers, Carbon

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Proceedings Article | 26 March 2008 Paper

Carbon nanotube strain sensors for wearable patient monitoring applications

Jose Abraham, Lavanya Aryasomayajula, Ashwin Whitchurch, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 6931, 69310J (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.776181

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Carbon nanotubes, Composites, Nanocomposites, Vital signs, Prototyping, Algorithm development, Electronics, Scanning electron microscopy, Fiber optics sensors

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Proceedings Article | 26 March 2008 Paper

Low noise multi-channel biopotential wireless data acquisition system for dry electrodes

P. S Pandian, Ashwin Whitchurch, Jose Abraham, Himanshu Bhusan Baskey, J. K. Radhakrishnan, Vijay Varadan, V. C. Padaki, K. U. Bhasker Rao, R. Harbaugh

Proceedings Volume 6931, 69310Q (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.798234

KEYWORDS: Electrodes, Skin, Electrocardiography, Signal processing, Amplifiers, Data acquisition, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Resistance, Interference (communication)

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The bioelectrical potentials generated within the human body are the result of electrochemical activity in the excitable cells of the nervous, muscular or glandular tissues. The ionic potentials are measured using biopotential electrodes which convert ionic potentials to electronic potentials. The commonly monitored biopotential signals are Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electromyogram (EMG). The electrodes used to monitor biopotential signals are Ag-AgCl and gold, which require skin preparation by means of scrubbing to remove the dead cells and application of electrolytic gel to reduce the skin contact resistance. The gels used in biopotential recordings dry out when used for longer durations and add noise to the signals and also prolonged use of gels cause irritations and rashes to skin. Also noises such as motion artifact and baseline wander are added to the biopotential signals as the electrode floats over the electrolytic gel during monitoring. To overcome these drawbacks, dry electrodes are used, where the electrodes are held against the skin surface to establish contact with the skin without the need for electrolytic fluids or gels. The major drawback associated with the dry electrodes is the high skin-electrode impedance in the low frequency range between 0.1-120 Hz, which makes it difficult to acquire clean and noise free biopotential signals. The paper presents the design and development of biopotential data acquisition and processing system to acquire biopotential signals from dry electrodes. The electrode-skin-electrode- impedance (ESEI) measurements was carried out for the dry electrodes by impedance spectroscopy. The biopotential signals are processed using an instrumentation amplifier with high CMRR and high input impedance achieved by boot strapping the input terminals. The signals are band limited by means of a second order Butterworth band pass filters to eliminate noise. The processed biopotential signals are digitized and transmitted wirelessly to a remote monitoring station.

Proceedings Article | 30 April 2007 Paper

Wideband microwave absorber design using micro and nanomaterials

Jose Abraham, T. Shami, Alok Dixit, Rama Dubey, Abhinandan Jain, Vijay Varadan, K. U. Rao

Proceedings Volume 6528, 65281O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.735860

KEYWORDS: Composites, Carbon, Iron, Microwave radiation, Magnetism, Reflectivity, Nanomaterials, Glasses, Dielectrics, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 11 April 2007 Paper

Nanowire integrated microelectrode arrays for lab-on-a-chip applications

Jose Abraham, Hargsoon Yoon, Vijay Varadan, Ritesh Chintakuntla

Proceedings Volume 6528, 65280O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.717662

KEYWORDS: Lab on a chip, Electrodes, Biological research, Metals, Silicon, Photoresist materials, Microfluidics, Nanolithography, Chemical analysis, Nanowires

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Proceedings Article | 11 April 2007 Paper

A total patient monitoring system for point-of-care applications

Ashwin Whitchurch, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 6528, 65280R (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.717664

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Electroencephalography, Electrocardiography, Telecommunications, Analog electronics, Internet, Vital signs, Point-of-care devices, Medicine, Receivers

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Proceedings Article | 11 April 2007 Paper

Synthesis and photonic property study of ZnO nanowires for a real time photodynamic therapy monitoring probe

D. Sridhar, Jining Xie, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 6528, 65281L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.717667

KEYWORDS: Zinc oxide, Photodynamic therapy, Tumors, Oxygen, Ultraviolet radiation, Gold, Luminescence, Scanning electron microscopy, Zinc, Nanowires

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In this paper, we present how the photonic properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires can be used to potentially advance the effectiveness of Photodynamic therapy (PDT), one of the most recent and promising approaches among cancer therapies. Presently, PDT employs laser light to activate intravenously or topically administered photosensitizers to give rise to highly reactive singlet oxygen which has a very short lifetime and is capable of biochemical damage to cell membranes of the tumor. A probe that can monitor in real time the penetration depth of the laser in the tumor and also the evolution of the singlet oxygen, which is critical for tumor eradication, is capable of improving the efficacy of PDT quite significantly. Such a probe, by providing real time feedback, can help us determine whether to increase or decrease the light exposure dose and also if further local administration of photosensitizers is required or not. ZnO nanowires are known to be photoconductive and recent research also demonstrated the temperature dependence of the photocurrent in the nanowires. They are also sensitive to blue and other near UV spectra which is same range of activation wavelengths of most photosensitizers, and hence making them a good candidate for a potential PDT monitoring probe. ZnO nanowires were fabricated on silicon substrates by vapor phase deposition using e-beam evaporated gold as a catalyst. Control of the dimensions of the nanowires could be achieved by varying the dimensions of the catalyst by means of e-beam evaporation process. Photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanowires were investigated at UV and near UV wavelengths. Further, ZnO is also known for its antimicrobial properties, thereby ruling out any possibility of bacterial infection because of the implanted probe. This study was done to compliment the existing expertise of our research group in the design and fabrication of several nanowire based probes and microsensors specifically for neuroelectronic and nanomedicine applications.

Proceedings Article | 11 April 2007 Paper

Piezoelectric 3D nanostructures for developing point-of-care biosensors

Jose Abraham, Sridhar Dubaka, Vijay Varadan, Huajun Zhou, Tierui Zhang, Z. Ryan Tian

Proceedings Volume 6528, 65280V (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.717663

KEYWORDS: Nanostructures, Zinc oxide, Biosensors, Sensors, Point-of-care devices, Heart, Arteries, Nanotechnology, Electronics, Nanowires

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2006 Paper

Synthesis of oriented ZnO nanostructure arrays for solar cell applications

D. Sridhar, Jining Xie, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan, Sang Choi

Proceedings Volume 6172, 617208 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.668743

KEYWORDS: Zinc oxide, Solar cells, Glasses, Crystals, Nanostructures, Scanning electron microscopy, Transparent conductors, Electron microscopes, Coating, Nanorods

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2006 Paper

Modeling of passive wireless sensor modeling for RFID tag applications

Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 6172, 617204 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.668742

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Reflectors, Antennas, Temperature metrology, Gallium, Calibration, Acoustics, Phase measurement, Instrument modeling, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2006 Paper

Nanowire array for wireless neural Probe: modeling and simulation

Ritesh Chintakuntla, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 6172, 61720I (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.668747

KEYWORDS: Neurons, Sodium, Potassium, Circuit switching, Microelectromechanical systems, Device simulation, Motion models, Resistance, Modeling and simulation, Nanowires

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Identification of soft drinks using MEMS-IDT microsensors

Jose Abraham, Sonal Karjathkar, Stefany Jacesko, Vijay Varadan, Julian Gardner

Proceedings Volume 5763, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608155

KEYWORDS: Liquids, Microsensors, Sensors, Wave propagation, Acoustics, Dielectrics, Antennas, Network security, Free space, Microfluidics

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Development of nanowire arrays for neural probe

Jose Abraham, Jining Xie, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 5763, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608131

KEYWORDS: Electrodes, Brain, Gold, Silicon, Neurons, Silver, Metals, Nanotechnology, Medicine, Nanowires

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Nanowire sensor array for wireless detection and identification of biohazards

Hargsoon Yoon, Biju Philip, Jose Abraham, Taeksoo Ji, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 5763, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608145

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Composites, Thin films, Waveguides, Phase measurement, Phase shifts, Carbon nanotubes, Resistance, Sensor networks, Gas sensors

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Wireless microsensor network solutions for neurological implantable devices

Jose Abraham, Ashwin Whitchurch, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 5763, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608124

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Electrodes, Brain, Antennas, Telecommunications, Control systems, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Microsensors, Microcontrollers

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The design and development of wireless mocrosensor network systems for the treatment of many degenerative as well as traumatic neurological disorders is presented in this paper. Due to the advances in micro and nano sensors and wireless systems, the biomedical sensors have the potential to revolutionize many areas in healthcare systems. The integration of nanodevices with neurons that are in communication with smart microsensor systems has great potential in the treatment of many neurodegenerative brain disorders. It is well established that patients suffering from either Parkinson’s disease (PD) or Epilepsy have benefited from the advantages of implantable devices in the neural pathways of the brain to alter the undesired signals thus restoring proper function. In addition, implantable devices have successfully blocked pain signals and controlled various pelvic muscles in patients with urinary and fecal incontinence. Even though the existing technology has made a tremendous impact on controlling the deleterious effects of disease, it is still in its infancy. This paper presents solutions of many problems of today's implantable and neural-electronic interface devices by combining nanowires and microelectronics with BioMEMS and applying them at cellular level for the development of a total wireless feedback control system. The only device that will actually be implanted in this research is the electrodes. All necessary controllers will be housed in accessories that are outside the body that communicate with the implanted electrodes through tiny inductively-coupled antennas. A Parkinson disease patient can just wear a hat-system close to the implantable neural probe so that the patient is free to move around, while the sensors continually monitor, record, transmit all vital information to health care specialist. In the event of a problem, the system provides an early warning to the patient while they are still mobile thus providing them the opportunity to react and trigger the feed back system or contact a point-of-care office that can remotely control the implantable system. The remote monitoring technology can be adaptable to EEG monitoring of children with epilepsy, implantable cardioverters/defibrillators, pacemakers, chronic pain management systems, treatment for sleep disorders, patients with implantable devices for diabetes. In addition, the development of a wireless neural electronics interface to detect, transmit and analyze neural signals could help patients with spinal injuries to regain some semblance of mobile activity.

Proceedings Article | 29 July 2004 Paper

Development of compact phase shifters on silicon for monolithic integration of voltage controllers

Hargsoon Yoon, Taeksoo Ji, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 5389, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.548431

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Phase shifts, Silicon films, Thin films, Signal attenuation, Metals, Waveguides, Dielectrics, Electrodes, Thin film devices

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2004 Paper

Deep-brain stimulator and control of Parkinson's disease

Vijay Varadan, Robert Harbaugh, Jose Abraham

Proceedings Volume 5389, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.548438

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Control systems, Antennas, Electrodes, Telecommunications, Gyroscopes, Microcontrollers, Microelectromechanical systems, Brain, Neurological disorders

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The design of a novel feedback sensor system with wireless implantable polymer MEMS sensors for detecting and wirelessly transmitting physiological data that can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, head injury, stroke, hydrocephalus, changes in pressure, patient movements, and tremors is presented in this paper. The sensor system includes MEMS gyroscopes, accelerometers, and pressure sensors. This feedback sensor system focuses on the development and integration of implantable systems with various wireless sensors for medical applications, particularly for the Parkinson's disease. It is easy to integrate and modify the sensor network feed back system for other neurological disorders mentioned above. The monitoring and control of tremor in Parkinson's disease can be simulated on a skeleton via wireless telemetry system communicating with electroactive polymer actuator, and microsensors attached to the skeleton hand and legs. Upon sensing any abnormal motor activity which represent the characteristic rhythmic motion of a typical Parkinson's (PD) patient, these sensors will generate necessary control pulses which will be transmitted to a hat sensor system on the skeleton head. Tiny inductively coupled antennas attached to the hat sensor system can receive these control pulses, demodulate and deliver it to actuate the parts of the skeleton to control the abnormal motor activity. This feedback sensor system can further monitor and control depending on the amplitude of the abnormal motor activity. This microsystem offers cost effective means of monitoring and controlling of neurological disorders in real PD patients. Also, this network system offers a remote monitoring of the patients conditions without visiting doctors office or hospitals. The data can be monitored using PDA and can be accessed using internet (or cell phone). Cellular phone technology will allow a health care worker to be automatically notified if monitoring indicates an emergency situation. The main advantage of such system is that it can effectively monitor large number of patients at the same time, which helps to compensate the present shortage of health care workers.

Proceedings Article | 22 July 2003 Paper

Wireless tuning fork gyroscope for biomedical applications

Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan, Ashwin Whitchurch, K. Sarukesi

Proceedings Volume 5055, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497455

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Gyroscopes, Biomedical optics, Telecommunications, Human-computer interaction, Tuning fork gyroscopes, Sensing systems, Reliability, Microelectromechanical systems, Analog electronics

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2003 Paper

Design of a microfluidic cell using microstereolithography for electronic tongue applications

Stefany Jacesko, Taeksoo Ji, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan, Julian Gardner

Proceedings Volume 5055, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497446

KEYWORDS: Liquids, Microfluidics, Tongue, Signal attenuation, Principal component analysis, Lithography, Acoustics, Transducers, Ultraviolet radiation, Computer aided design

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2003 Paper

Bilateral interdigital CPW phase shifter using BaSrTiO3 thin film on poly-Si/Si substrate for electronically steerable antenna architecture

Hargsoon Yoon, K. Vinoy, Jose Abraham, Vijay Varadan

Proceedings Volume 5055, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497436

KEYWORDS: Phase shifts, Dielectrics, Thin films, Silicon, Signal attenuation, Waveguides, Electrodes, Sputter deposition, Antennas, Silicon films

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2003 Paper

Wireless patient monitoring on shoe for the assessment of foot dysfunction: an overview

Jose Abraham, Ashwin Whitchurch, Vijay Varadan, Karunakaran Sarukesi

Proceedings Volume 5119, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.499186

KEYWORDS: Gyroscopes, Sensors, Human-machine interfaces, Computing systems, Microcontrollers, Sensing systems, Analog electronics, Tissues, Injuries, Signal detection

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Showing 5 of 23 publications

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