Mr. Kazuya Nakano Profile

Kazuya Nakano

PhD Student

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2011 Paper

Quantitative analysis on key estimation by known-plaintext attacks to DRPE

Kazuya Nakano, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Takashi Obi, Nagaaki Ohyama

Proceedings Volume 8011, 80117V (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903356

KEYWORDS: Image encryption, Fourier transforms, Phase retrieval, Optical image encryption, Quantitative analysis, Image analysis, Computer programming, Resistance, Computer security, Modulation

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Double Random Phase Encoding (DRPE), which is a typical optical encryption technique, has been reported to be vulnerable to Known Plaintext-Attacks (KPAs) using a Phase Retrieval Algorithm (PRA). But the reported case in which the encryption key is successfully estimated was that the plain image was rather simple such as the image of a character. In addition, although Phase Only DRPE (PO-DRPE) was proposed to achieve more resistance to the KPA than Complex DRPE (C-DRPE) in which both amplitude and phase components are used as an encrypted image, no quantitative results about the relationship between the vulnerability and the plaintext image. In this paper, we show the result of quantitative analysis on KPA by PRA to C-DRPE and PO-DRPE, for the plaintext images of different characteristics. As a result of experiment, KPA to C-DRPE succeeded to estimate the correct key while the probability of success became lower when the number of non-zero pixel increases in the plaintext image. However, KPA to PO-DRPE enabled to estimate only "singular" keys, which are effective for no more than given plaintext/ciphertext image pair and far different from the correct encryption key. We also conducted KPA using two plaintext-ciphertext image pairs for KPA. In the case when two plaintext-ciphertext image pairs were given to KPA, the cryptanalysis succeeded with higher probability than the case of one. Moreover, the probability of success in the KPA was high even in PO-DRPE.

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