Future mobile and terrestrial communication systems B5G/6G are strongly expected to heterogeneously realize typically diversified performances, i.e. high-data-rate, high-mobility, low-latency, high-capacity, massive-connectivity and low-energy in order to satisfy the highly diversified application requirements. To achieve those goals the operation band of B5G/6G should be primarily in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. Generation and distribution of mmW with traditional methods is limited by electronic bottleneck and associated complexity. Consequently broad bandwidth, simple, efficient, and cost-effective photonic mmW-over-fiber (mmWoF) transmission systems are solutions for B5G/6G. The spectral purity of mmW carriers is necessary. Numerous approaches have been proposed to generate pure mmW signals. Compared with other technologies, quantum dash or dot (QD) coherent comb lasers (QD CCLs) have great advantages for mmW generation because QD-CCLs with low power consumption and chip-scale integration capacity with silicon can provide multiple highly correlated and low noise optical channels. In this paper we will present our developed InAs/InP QD-CCLs around 1550 nm with the channel spacing from 10 GHz to 1000 GHz and the output power up to 50 mW. By using a C-band QD CCL and based on the single- and dual-optical carrier modulation schemes, an up to 16-Gb/s mmWoF optical heterodyne wireless signal at 28 GHz through a 25-km single mode fiber before the mmW carrier is optically synthesized remotely for detection over a 2-m free space. The data capacity and performance of the proposed mmWoF link can be significantly increased by utilizing a duplex mmWoF link with MIMO and WDM technique, which provides a cost-efficient and promising solution for Terabit/s capacity mmWoF fronthaul systems of B5G/6G networks.
This work has proposed and compared several millimeter wave (mmWave) radio-over-fiber (RoF) frequency multiplexing techniques based on InAs/InP quantum dash (QD) mode locked laser (MLL). QD-MLL is capable of generating tens of highly coherent optical carriers simultaneously with same frequency difference. After heterodyne detection, the RF phase noise of QD-MLL can be as low as 15kHz. In this paper, four different RoF based mmWave frequency multiplexing architecture is proposed and compared in experimentation. The EVM of two 2GBaud/s 16-QAM mmWave signal can be as low as 7.1% after demultiplexing in the experimentation.
In order to achieve ultrahigh data capacity and to overcome the wireless spectrum crunch, 5G is going to adopt millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies (30 GHz – 300 GHz). To generate high-quality mmW signals by lasers, it requires optical sources with ultra-narrow optical linewidth and low relative intensity noise (RIN). In recent years, we have developed InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) multi-wavelength lasers (MWLs) around 1550 nm with the frequency spacing from 10 GHz to 1000 GHz. Those QD MWLs have very low RIN, ultra-narrow optical linewidth, small timing jitters, compact size, low power consumption and the ability for hybrid integration with silicon substrates. In this paper we present a buried heterostructure (BH) C-band InAs/InP 25-GHz QD MWL with phase noise and RIN of less than 500 kHz and -130 dB/Hz for its individual channel, respectively. By using this QD MWL a photonic aided radio-over-fiber (RoF) quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal wireless delivery at 25 GHz is successfully demonstrated through 25.22 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with a data capacity of 16 Gbit/s (16QAM x 4GBaud). We have also presented a monolithic BH QD dual-wavelength (DW) DFB laser as an optical beat source for mmW signal generation. The BH QD DW-DFB laser with the optical linewidth of 16 KHz and the RIN of -158 dB/Hz is capable of generating spectrally pure mmW signals between 46 GHz and 48 GHz. By using it, we have demonstrated a real time 24-Gbit/s (64QAM x 4GBaud) data bandwidth wireless communication system operating at 47.2-GHz carrier over 25-km SSMF.
To support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication, 5G is going to use new radios (NRs) at frequencies above 24.25 GHz in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands with abundant available bandwidths. The photonic generation, modulation and distribution of such ultra-high speed broadband RF signals in the optical domain is more promising compared to the bandwidth limiting electrical technology, however, it requires low noise coherent optical sources. In this paper, we present a highly coherent low noise InP-based p-n block buried heterostructure (BH) C-band InAs/InP quantum dash (QD) passively mode-locked laser (MLL) for photonic aided broadband wireless communication systems. The device features repetition rates of 25 GHz resulting in an optical coherent frequency comb (CFC) with a 6-dB optical bandwidth of around 9 nm providing over 46 channels. Each individual channel of the CFC exhibits an average phase noise and integrated relative intensity noise (RIN) of less than 500 kHz and -130 dB/Hz in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 20 GHz, respectively. Its timing jitter and RF beat-note linewidth between any two adjacent channels are as low as 5.53 fs and 3 kHz, respectively. By using this QD MLL, a photonic aided radio-over-fiber (RoF) broadband quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal wireless delivery at around 25 GHz (K-band) is successfully demonstrated over 2-m free space wireless distance through 25.22 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with a total link capacity of 16Gbit/s and error vector magnitude (EVM) below the standard requirements of 12.5%.
Photonic generations of millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies (30 GHz – 300 GHz) have been attracted more and more interest for applications in 5G and beyond wireless networks. To generate high-quality mmW signals, it requires optical sources with ultra-narrow optical linewidth and low relative intensity noise (RIN). In recent years, we have demonstrated InAs/InP quantum dot / dash (QD) multi-wavelength lasers (QD MWLs) around 1550 nm with the frequency spacing from 10 GHz to 1000 GHz and output power of up to 50 mW. Those QD MWLs have low RIN, ultra-narrow optical linewidth, small timing jitters, compact size, low power consumption and the ability for hybrid integration with silicon substrates. As examples we present a monolithic dual-wavelength (DW) DFB laser based on synthesized aperiodic gratings on InAs/InP QD gain medium and its application as an optical beat source for mmW signal generation. The QD DW-DFB laser is capable of generating spectrally pure mmW signals between 46 GHz and 48 GHz with the 3-dB RF beating linewidth of less than 16 KHz and the RIN of -158 dB/Hz from 10 MHz to 20 GHz. By using this QD DW-DFB laser, we have experimentally demonstrated a multi-gigabit/s mmW radio-over-fiber (mmW-RoF) communication system operating at 47 GHz with 16QAM, 32QAM and 64QAM modulated signals over single mode fiber (SMF) in terms of clear eye and constellation diagrams. We have achieved an optical-heterodyne mmW-RoF system with broadband 4-meter wireless links through 25.22-km SMF featuring a high bitrate of 24-Gbit/s (64QAM × 4-GBaud) using a QD DW-DFB laser.
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