Spontaneous parametric down conversion in nonlinear material is widely exploited to generate entangled photon pairs in quantum optics experiments and applications, including quantum computing and communication. Periodically poled thin film lithium niobate (PPTFLN) has emerged as a promising platform for efficient entangled photon pair generation, offering enhanced nonlinear interaction through quasi-phase matching (QPM) and tight confinement of light. However, achieving optimal performance requires careful control of the QPM condition since the waveguide in TFLN is highly dispersive to changes in the geometric parameter. In this study, we fabricate PPTFLN rib waveguides to generate entangled photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths, varying geometric parameters. QPM condition is confirmed with the second harmonic generation experiments and Pair generation rate and coincidence-to-accidental count ratio are also estimated by temporal coincidence measurement. Digital etching process is introduced to control the QPM condition, resulting in incremental peak wavelength shift by discrete etching step. This is expected to contribute to synchronizing wavelength of quantum nodes.
Time-bin entangled photons have previously been utilized for advanced quantum communication protocols such as quantum state teleportation or entanglement swapping, thus showing the potential of realizing a quantum internet. For such protocols, intricate feedback systems are essential to preserve quantum information during distribution, and require different forms of state preparation that can incorporate the feedback in quantum state generation. We use different methods of state preparation via arbitrary waveform generators and PLC MachZehnder type interferometers, and entangle the states by SPDC using commercial lithium niobate waveguides to create time-bin entangled photon pairs. Quantum state tomography is conducted on each method to evaluate their effectiveness in generating states suitable for quantum communication protocols.
In developing terahertz (THz) technologies that are more suitable for industrial applications, we have focused on research on continuous-wave (CW) THz technologies to develop small, low-cost, and multifunctional THz devices and systems. In the course of this research, we have developed several key devices such as widely tunable compact beating sources in the form of dual mode lasers, THz emitters, including nano-electrode-photomixers and uni-traveling carrier photodiode photomixers, and highly sensitive THz detectors, such as Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). In this study, along with our recently obtained results that demonstrate the enhanced performance of these devices, we also present an example of a practical industrial application of our CW THz system: a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) system. The system described can be applied in the car manufacturing factory as an NDE technique to find process errors. Although further improvements to photonics-based THz technologies are necessary, we believe that efforts in this field will begin an era of THz technologies as a widely-used industrial technique.
We present a terahertz (THz) radiation pumped by a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser using two fiberpigtailed log-spiral-based low-temperature-grown (LTG) InGaAs photoconductive antenna (PCA) modules. The modelocked fiber laser produces over 220 mW of the average optical power with positively chirped of 1.49 ps pulses. In order to generate THz radiation using the fiber-pigtailed PCA modules, the mode-locked optical pulses are pre-chirped with 538 fs using two diffraction gratings. We successfully achieved THz radiation over 2.0 THz using the pre-chirped pulses. We successfully observed the various absorption lines of water vapor dips in the free space of 120 mm.
We successfully demonstrate a THz generation using an ytterbium (Yb)-doped mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser and a home-made low-temperature grown (LTG) InGaAs Photoconductive antenna (PCA) module for THz Time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems. The Yb-doped fiber ring laser consists of a pump laser diode (PLD), a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) coupler, a single-mode fiber (SMF), a 25 cm-long highly Yb-doped fiber, two collimators, two quarter wave plates (QWPs), a half-wave plate (HWP), a 10 nm broadband band pass filter, an isolator, and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS). In order to achieve the passively mode-locked optical short pulse, the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect is used. The achieved center wavelength and the 3 dB bandwidth of the modelocked fiber laser are 1.03 μm and ~ 15.6 nm, respectively. It has 175 fs duration after pulse compression with 66.2 MHz repetition rate. The average output power of mode-locked laser has more than 275 mW. The LTG-InGaAs PCA modules are used as the emitter and receiver in order to achieve the THz radiation. The PCA modules comprise a hyper-hemispherical Si lens and a log-spiral antenna-integrated LTG-InGaAs PCA chip electronically contacted on a printed circuit board (PCB). An excitation optical average pumping and probing power were ~ 6.3 mW and 5 mW, respectively. The free-space distance between the emitter and the receiver in the THz-TDS system was 70 mm. The spectrum of the THz radiation is achieved higher than 1.5 THz.
Our recent studies in regards of developing portable THz scanner for imaging and spectroscopy systems are presented. In the course, high power tunable continuous wave (CW) THz emitter and high sensitivity THz receiver platforms are presented. Those platforms can be realized with tunable optical beating source, broadband photomixer, arrayed photomixer and Schottky barrier diode, evanescently-coupled photodiodes with high saturation current, and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) integrated optical beating source. On the system level, our recent THz thickness measurement systems and the THz line scanner imaging system are presented.
A novel type of semiconductor beating source, a monolithically integrated dual-mode laser, and continuous-wave
terahertz (THz) system adopting it will be investigated. The combined system of the beating source with broadbandantenna-
integrated low-temperature-grown semiconductor photomixers shows the possibility of the realization of the
cost-effective and compact continuous-wave THz systems. Such a system is highly-demanded to examine the THz finger
prints of specimens without limitations. Since the optimized performance depends not only on the characteristics of
functional devices but also module configurations, various approaches such as traveling-wave photomixers, Schottky
barrier diodes, and nano-structure contained photomixers have been investigated to implement high-performance THz
platforms as the main building blocks of a THz system. Semiconductor-based compact and cost-effective photonics
technologies will envisage the bright future of THz systems.
We demonstrate the tunable continuous-wave (CW) terahertz generator based on the λ/4 phase-shifted 1.3 μm dual-mode laser diode (DML) and travelling-wave photodiode (TWPD). The DML and TWPD operate as an optical beat source and terahertz photomixer, respectively. The laser diodes (LDs) operating at the 1.3 μm have more suitable characteristics as optical beat sources than the LDs operating at 1.55 μm because of their high efficiency and better thermal stability. The micro-heaters are integrated on top of each DFB LD for mode beat frequency tuning. The fabricated DML was continuously tuned from 230 GHz to 1485 GHz by increasing the temperature of each DFB section independently via integrated micro-heaters. The high-speed TWPD with an InGaAs absorber was designed and fabricated to efficiently generate the photomixing terahertz CW. A complementary log-periodic antenna was integrated with the TWPD to radiate the generated terahertz wave with minimum reflection in the wide frequency range. The terahertz characteristics of the tunable CW terahertz generator based on the DML and TWPD were measured in a fiber-coupled, homodyne terahertz photomixing system. Our results of the tunable CW terahertz generator show the feasibility of a compact and highly efficient CW terahertz spectrometer and imager.
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