Dr. Krishnan Subramanian Profile

Dr. Krishnan Subramanian

at Gloucestershire Royal Hospital

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Publications (2)

Proceedings Article | 27 February 2006 Paper

Infrared spectroscopy: a novel tool to aid classification of DCIS

K. Subramanian, N. Stone, C. Kendall, J. C. Brown, K. McCarthy, J. Bristol, Y. H. Chan

Proceedings Volume 6093, 60930J (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644512

KEYWORDS: Infrared spectroscopy, Tissues, Absorption, Infrared radiation, Tumor growth modeling, Tissue optics, Breast, Pathology, Proteins, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2006 Paper

Raman spectroscopic analysis of atypical proliferative lesions of the breast

K. Subramanian, C. Kendall, N. Stone, J. Brown, K. McCarthy, J. Bristol, Y. Chan

Proceedings Volume 6088, 60880B (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644553

KEYWORDS: Breast, Raman spectroscopy, Pathology, Breast cancer, Tissues, Chemical analysis, Cancer, Principal component analysis, Tumor growth modeling, Spectroscopy

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Atypical lesions of the breast have potential to turn malignant. The diagnosis of these lesions has increased considerably with screening mammography. A good understanding of their progression to invasive cancer is yet to be proved. Using Raman spectroscopy to study their chemical finger printing at different stages of proliferation a clear picture of whether a progression exists between lesions could be made. At present there is no clear recognition of the biochemical changes that distinguish between the different proliferative lesions of the breast. Our aim is to understand these changes through Raman mapping studies. Raman spectroscopy is a highly sensitive and specific technique for demonstration of biochemical changes in different atypical proliferative lesions of the breast. The technique could be used to classify the different grades and analyse progression of pathology in the proliferative lesions of the breast. Breast pathologists carefully marked 50 ducts and classified the different pathology on H and E sections from biopsy samples. Raman spectra were measured, using a Renishaw Raman Spectrometer, on a 20-micron thick consecutive frozen section. Principal component analysis was undertaken using Matlab. Pseudocolor maps of the principal components scores have been generated. The peaks of the corresponding loads were identified enabling visualisation of the biochemical changes associated with proliferative lesions. Proliferative lesions of the duct were grouped according to the existing standard pathological classification and formed four major groups-HUT, ADH, DCIS and IDC. Spectra of biochemical constituents were fitted to mean spectra from selected regions, taken from maps of each pathology, to identify the relative concentration of the constituents. The study gave an insight into chemical make up of the ducts in each pathology group and showed similar results to earlier studies in progression but no clear-cut demarcation or continuum of the proliferative disease.

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