Using communication theory, this full-day course explains the universal principles underlying a diverse range of electro-optical systems. From visible / infra-red imaging, to free space optical communications and laser remote sensing, the course relates key concepts in science and systems engineering to practical systems issues. To provide realistic understanding of the concepts presented, many real-world examples are included. This course summarizes laser propagation fundamentals, coherent and incoherent optical system characterization, the effects of optical turbulence and particulate scattering on propagating laser beams, atmospheric and submarine laser communication systems concepts, and laser radar and optical imaging basics. Also included are discussions of adaptive optics, adaptive image processing, and statistical hypothesis testing and its effect on system performance.