Dr. Lynda E. Busse Profile

Dr. Lynda E. Busse

Research Physicist at US Naval Research Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Co-Chair | Conference Program Committee | Author

Publications (39)

SPIE Conference Volume | 7 June 2019

Photonic Instrumentation Engineering VI

Proceedings Article | 20 May 2019

Spinel optics for high energy lasers

Syed N. Qadri, Shyam Bayya, Guillermo Villalobos, Woohong Kim, Michael Hunt, Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Jasbinder Sanghera, Bryan Sadowski, Robert Miklos, Ishwar Aggarwal, Christopher Wilson

Proc. SPIE. 10985, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XVI

KEYWORDS: Ceramics, Laser damage threshold, Spinel, Microwave radiation, Industrial chemicals, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2019

Laser damage testing of windows with anti-reflection structured surfaces for high power continuous-wave near-infrared laser applications

Christopher Wilson, Thomas Hutchens, Jesse Frantz, Lynda Busse, L. Brandon Shaw, Jas Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 10985, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XVI

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Thin films, Antireflective coatings, Continuous wave operation, Silica, Reflection, Laser induced damage, High power lasers, Reflectivity, Laser damage threshold

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 November 2018

Laser damage of silica optical windows with random antireflective structured surfaces

Christopher R. Wilson, Thomas C. Hutchens, Gopal Sapkota, Jason R. Case, Matthew G. Potter, Lynda E. Busse, Jesse A. Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Jas S. Sanghera, Menelaos K. Poutous, Ishwar D. Aggarwal

OE Vol. 57 Issue 12

KEYWORDS: Antireflective coatings, Laser induced damage, Silica, Windows, Scanning electron microscopy, Resistance, Reflectivity, Microscopes, Thin films, Interfaces

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High intensity nanosecond laser pulses induce damage on uncoated optics and antireflection (AR) coated optics with thin film boundaries. Structured surfaces with AR performance have shown higher damage resistance than conventional AR coatings. This work explores laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of random antireflective surface structures (rARSS), covering interfaces of planar fused silica substrates, using a 7 ± 1 nanosecond duration, single damaging pulse at 1064-nm wavelength. The rARSS treated windows were optimized for AR at 1064 nm, and transmittance of each treated interface was increased by 3.2% per ISO 13697. Incident fluence was controlled near LIDT for both entry and exit sides. Multiple locations were tested for each fluence setting in accordance with ISO 21254 1-on-1 LIDT testing. Double-sided and single-sided rARSS, orientation with both entrance-side and exit-side treatments, were tested to determine effects random structures have in damage induced by field enhancement on the exit side. Results show that rARSS on a single side of an optic have higher resistance to onset of laser damage when located at entry (structured) side. All tests resulting in damage of polished and single-sided rARSS oriented on exit side were ballistic on beam exit facet, showing surface cracks. Results from rARSS located on beam entry side (both single- and double-side treated) showed nonballistic damage and densification of rARSS features from localized melting or reflow, capping the rARSS but still preserving effective-gradient index and rARSS transmission enhancement. This suggests that the localized melting of the rARSS optic surface does not constitute damage optically, or at least not catastrophically within the prebulk damage regime. Therefore, it is possible to foresee the onset of true damage within an optical system via tracking transmission drop, and swap optics out before catastrophic system failure. The drop in transmission acts as an early warning system, making these rARSS optics an invaluable tool in high-energy laser development.

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2018

Enabling standoff detection of hazardous materials using a fiber optic coupled quantum cascade infrared laser system

Kenneth Ewing, Kevin Major, Jasbinder Sanghera, Rafael Gattass, L. Brandon Shaw, Lynda Busse, David Arnone, Enrique Lopez, Michael Pushkarsky, Justin Kane, Rhea Clewes, Linda Lee, Chris Howle

Proc. SPIE. 10629, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIX

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Optical fibers, Standoff detection, Cameras, Sensors, Quantum cascade lasers, Infrared spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Explosives

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2018

Long-duration CW laser testing of optical windows with random antireflective surface structures on both interfaces: preliminary results

Christopher Wilson, Thomas Hutchens, Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Jas Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 10627, Advanced Optics for Defense Applications: UV through LWIR III

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Antireflective coatings, Continuous wave operation, Silica, Laser induced damage, Interfaces, Optical testing, High power fiber lasers, Laser damage threshold, Windows, Thin film coatings

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2018

Laser damage testing of silica windows with hydrophobic antireflective surfaces (Conference Presentation)

Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, Darryl Boyd, Woohong (Rick) Kim, Brandon Shaw, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jas Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 10513, Components and Packaging for Laser Systems IV

KEYWORDS: Antireflective coatings, Eye, Silica, Reflection, Glasses, Laser induced damage, Laser energy, Optical simulations, Laser damage threshold, Laser systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2018

Polarization sensitivity of ordered and random antireflective surface structures in silica and spinel

J. Frantz, J. Selby, L. Busse, L. Shaw, I. Aggarwal, J. Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 10528, Optical Components and Materials XV

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Antireflective coatings, Silica, Polarization, Reflection, Optical coatings, Reflectivity, Transmittance, Spinel, Thin film coatings

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Proceedings Article | 13 November 2017

Laser damage of optical windows with random antireflective surface structures on both interfaces

Christopher Wilson, Matthew Potter, Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Jas Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal, Menelaos Poutous

Proc. SPIE. 10447, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials 2017

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Antireflective coatings, Silica, Reflection, Laser induced damage, Interfaces, Reflectivity, Scanning electron microscopy, Laser damage threshold, Windows

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2017

Antireflective surface structures on infrared optics (Conference Presentation)

Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Shyam Bayya, Guillermo Villalobos, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jas Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 10181, Advanced Optics for Defense Applications: UV through LWIR II

KEYWORDS: Defense and security, Infrared imaging, Refractive index, Antireflective coatings, Reflection, Imaging systems, Optical coatings, Pollution control, Infrared radiation, Reactive ion etching

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2017

Broadband, ultralow reflectance surface structures on silica windows for high-energy laser applications (Conference Presentation)

Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Menelaos Poutous, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jasbinder Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 10179, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XV

KEYWORDS: Antireflective coatings, Silica, Glasses, Laser induced damage, Laser energy, Laser applications, Resistance, Optical coatings, Reflectivity, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2017

Superhydrophobic, infrared transmissive moth eye-like substrates for use in wet conditions

Darryl Boyd, Jesse Frantz, Lynda Busse, Woohong Kim, Shyam Bayya, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jasbinder Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 10179, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XV

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Nanostructures, Antireflective coatings, Silica, Molecules, Germanium, Calcium, Reflectivity, Scanning electron microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2017

Control of spectral transmission enhancement properties of random anti-reflecting surface structures fabricated using gold masking

Abigail Peltier, Gopal Sapkota, Matthew Potter, Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal, Menelaos Poutous

Proc. SPIE. 10115, Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics X

KEYWORDS: Gold, Silica, Reflection, Scattering, Etching, Annealing, Scanning electron microscopy, Plasma etching, Reactive ion etching, Plasma

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Proceedings Article | 6 December 2016

Entry and exit facet laser damage of optical windows with random antireflective surface structures

Gopal Sapkota, Jason Case, Matthew Potter, Lynda Busse, L. Brandon Shaw, Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal, Menelaos Poutous

Proc. SPIE. 10014, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials 2016

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Antireflective coatings, Silica, Q switching, Laser induced damage, Resistance, Reflectivity, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmittance, Q switched lasers

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Nanosecond duration, high intensity and high average power laser pulses induce damage on uncoated optics, due to localized field enhancement at the exit surface of the components. Anti-reflection (AR) coated optics, due to their (multiple) thin film boundaries, have similar field enhancement regions, which lead to laser damage on both entry and exit sides. Nano-scale structured optical interfaces with AR performance (ARSS) have been widely demonstrated, and found to have higher laser damage resistance than conventional AR coatings. Comprehensive tests of optical entry and exit structured-surface laser damage using nanosecond pulses for ARSS are not widely available. We measured the laser damage of random anti-reflective surface structures (rARSS), on planar, optical quality, fused silica substrates, using single 6-8ns duration pulses at 1064 nm wavelength. The single-sided rARSS substrates were optimized for Fresnel reflectance suppression at 1064 nm, and the measured transmittance at normal incidence was increased by 3.2%, with a possible theoretical maximum of 3.5%. The high energy laser beam was focused to increase the incident intensity, in order to probe values above and below the damage thresholds reported in the literature. The source laser Q-switch durations were used to directly control incident fluence. Multiple locations were tested for each Q-switch setting, to build a statistical relationship between the fluence and damaging events. Single-sided, AR random surface structured substrates were tested, using entry and exit side orientations, to determine any effects the random structures may have in the damage induced by the field enhancement on the exit side. We found that the AR randomly structured surfaces have a higher resistance, to the onset of laser damage, when they are located at the entry (structured) side of the substrates. In comparison, when the same AR random structures are in the beam exit side of the substrates, the onset of laser damage occurs at lower fluence values. All tests resulting in damage of the optical-quality polished fused silica substrates, and those with the structures on the exit side of the samples, are ballistic in nature, showing surface cracks and outward-directed debris craters, all occurring at the beam exit facet. Of interest are the results from tests completed with the rARSS located on the beam entry side; the damage caused by these tests was not typically ballistic in nature (inward directed craters) and occurred on the structured side of the samples.

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Proceedings Article | 15 September 2016

Characterization of random anti-reflecting surface structures and their polarization response at off-normal angles of incidence

Gopal Sapkota, Jason Case, Lynda Busse, Jesse Frantz, L. Brandon Shaw, Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal, Menelaos Poutous

Proc. SPIE. 9927, Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices XIII

KEYWORDS: Gradient-index optics, Refractive index, Polishing, Silica, Polarization, Reflection, Etching, Reflectivity, Transmittance, Surface finishing

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2016

Random anti-reflection structures on large optics for high energy laser applications

J. Frantz, L. Busse, K. Major, G. Sapkota, M. Poutous, I. Aggarwal, J. Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 9726, Solid State Lasers XXV: Technology and Devices

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Antireflective coatings, Nanostructuring, Etching, Quartz, Photography, Laser applications, Optical coatings, Reflectivity, Transmittance, Laser damage threshold, Reactive ion etching, Windows, Thin film coatings, Laser optics

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2015

Optical performance of random anti-reflection structures on curved surfaces

C. Taylor, K. Major, Rajendra Joshi, L. Busse, J. Frantz, J. Sanghera, I. Aggarwal, M. Poutous

Proc. SPIE. 9359, Optical Components and Materials XII

KEYWORDS: Silica, Reflection, Lenses, Etching, Interfaces, Reflectivity, Transmittance, Thin film coatings, Spherical lenses, Anisotropic etching

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2014

Single mode fibers with antireflective surface structures for high power laser applications

Lynda Busse, Catalin Florea, L. Brandon Shaw, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jasbinder Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 8961, Fiber Lasers XI: Technology, Systems, and Applications

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Antireflective coatings, Silica, Etching, Laser induced damage, High power lasers, Single mode fibers, Fiber lasers, Collimators, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2014

Surface transmission enhancement of ZnS via continuous-wave laser microstructuring

Kevin Major, Catalin Florea, Menelaos Poutous, Lynda Busse, Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 8968, Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing VIII

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Refractive index, Continuous wave operation, Femtosecond phenomena, Ultraviolet radiation, Surface roughness, Zinc, Laser ablation, Fermium, Raster graphics

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2014

Antireflective surface structures on optics for high energy lasers

Lynda Busse, Catalin Florea, L. Brandon Shaw, Jesse Frantz, Shyam Bayya, Menelaos Poutous, Rajendra Joshi, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jas Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 8959, Solid State Lasers XXIII: Technology and Devices

KEYWORDS: Antireflective coatings, Silica, Reflection, Lenses, Crystals, Ceramics, Laser applications, Laser damage threshold, Spinel, Surface finishing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 13 January 2014

Bend loss in multimode chalcogenide fiber at infrared wavelengths

Rafael Gattass, Frederic Kung, Lynda Busse, L. Brandon Shaw, Jasbinder Sanghera

OE Vol. 53 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Multimode fibers, Chalcogenides, Infrared radiation, Cladding, Optical fibers, Signal attenuation, Mid-IR, FT-IR spectroscopy, Packaging, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 4 June 2013

Recent advancements in anti-reflective surface structures (ARSS) for near- to mid-infrared optics

Catalin Florea, Lynda Busse, Shyam Bayya, Brandon Shaw, Ish Aggarwal, Jas Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 8708, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XIII

KEYWORDS: Antireflective coatings, Silica, Reflection, Crystals, Ceramics, Nd:YAG lasers, Scanning electron microscopy, Laser damage threshold, Spinel, Surface finishing

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2013

Thermal and vibration testing of ruggedized IR-transmitting fiber cables

Lynda Busse, Fred Kung, Catalin Florea, Brandon Shaw, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jas Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 8720, Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Commercial, and Harsh Environments IV

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Mid-IR, Eye, Polishing, Reflection, High power lasers, Reliability, Fiber lasers, Infrared lasers, Humidity

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2013

Rugged spinel windows and optics for harsh environments

Shyam Bayya, Guillermo Villalobos, Woohong Kim, Lynda Busse, Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 8720, Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Commercial, and Harsh Environments IV

KEYWORDS: Antireflective coatings, Polishing, Silica, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Laser energy, Ceramics, Resistance, Sapphire, Spinel, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2013

Environmental testing and laser transmission results for ruggedized high power IR fiber cables

Lynda Busse, Frederic Kung, Catalin Florea, Brandon Shaw, Ishwar Aggarwal, Jas Sanghera

Proc. SPIE. 8621, Optical Components and Materials X

KEYWORDS: Thermography, Mid-IR, Eye, Polishing, Reflection, Laser induced damage, High power lasers, Reliability, Chalcogenides, Fiber lasers

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2012

Recent developments in the fabrication of infrared fiber Bragg gratings

Lynda Busse, Catalin Florea, Brandon Shaw, Jas Sanghera, Vinh Nguyen, Geoff Chin, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 8257, Optical Components and Materials IX

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Glasses, Copper, Silver, Reflectivity, Doping, Infrared radiation, Arsenic, Lead, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2011

Improved laser damage threshold for chalcogenide glasses through surface microstructuring

Catalin Florea, Jasbinder Sanghera, Lynda Busse, Brandon Shaw, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 7946, Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Chalcogenide glass, Antireflective coatings, FT-IR spectroscopy, Data modeling, Glasses, Laser induced damage, Nickel, Silicon, Laser damage threshold

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Proceedings Article | 28 June 2006

Measurement of spatial filtering capabilities of single mode infrared fibers

A. Ksendzov, E. Bloemhof, V. White, J. Wallace, R. Gappinger, J. Sanghera, L. Busse, W. Kim, P. Pureza, V. Nguyen, I. Aggarwal, S. Shalem, A. Katzir

Proc. SPIE. 6268, Advances in Stellar Interferometry

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Spatial filters, Interferometers, Cladding, Signal attenuation, Wavefronts, Single mode fibers, Infrared radiation, Analytical research, Fiber optic illuminators

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2005

Infrared fibers for defense against MANPAD systems

J. Sanghera, L. Busse, I. Aggarwal, F. Chenard

Proc. SPIE. 5781, Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security

KEYWORDS: Defense and security, Optical fibers, Infrared imaging, Mid-IR, Chalcogenide glass, Glasses, Head, Infrared radiation, Missiles, Defense systems

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2000

IR fiber optics for biomedical applications

Jasbinder Sanghera, L. Brandon Shaw, David Talley, Lynda Busse, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 3907, Lasers in Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems X

KEYWORDS: Laser therapeutics, Biomedical optics, Surgery, Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Chalcogenides, Fiber lasers, Near field scanning optical microscopy, Attenuated total reflectance, Free electron lasers

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2000

IR fiber optics development at the Naval Research Laboratory

Jasbinder Sanghera, Lynda Busse, Viet Nguyen, Reza Mossadegh, Frederic Kung, Brian Cole, L. Brandon Shaw, Pablo Pureza, Robert Miklos, Ishwar Aggarwal, Yoon-Soo Park

Proc. SPIE. 3950, Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits IV

KEYWORDS: Defense and security, Chalcogenide glass, Fiber optics, Scattering, Glasses, Fiber lasers, Head, Analytical research, Missiles, Infrared countermeasures

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Proceedings Article | 10 December 1999

Infrared optical fibers and their applications

Jasbinder Sanghera, L. Brandon Shaw, Lynda Busse, Vinh Nguyen, Brian Cole, Reza Mossadegh, Pablo Pureza, Robert Miklos, Frederic Kung, David Talley, Dominick Roselle, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 3849, Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications

KEYWORDS: Multimode fibers, Optical fibers, Chalcogenide glass, Fiber optics, Scattering, Glasses, Chalcogenides, Fiber lasers, Infrared radiation, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 1999

Infrared-transmitting fiber optics for biomedical applications

Jasbinder Sanghera, L. Brandon Shaw, Lynda Busse, David Talley, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 3596, Specialty Fiber Optics for Medical Applications

KEYWORDS: Biomedical optics, Fiber optics, Glasses, Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Chalcogenides, Near field scanning optical microscopy, Field spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Attenuated total reflectance

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 1997

Mid-IR high-power transmission through chalcogenide fibers: current results and future challenges

Lynda Busse, John Moon, Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 2966, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1996

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Antireflective coatings, Glasses, Carbon dioxide lasers, Chalcogenides, Fiber lasers, Infrared lasers, Laser damage threshold, Optical damage, Pulsed laser operation

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Proceedings Article | 27 May 1996

Midinfrared power delivery through chalcogenide glass-clad optical fibers

Lynda Busse, John Moon, Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 2714, 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium: Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1995

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Laser sources, Continuous wave operation, Optical parametric oscillators, Glasses, Carbon dioxide lasers, Chalcogenides, Fiber lasers, Gas lasers, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 15 January 1996

Optical and mechanical properties of IR-transmitting chalcogenide glass fibers

Jasbinder Sanghera, Pablo Pureza, Lynda Busse, Ishwar Aggarwal

Proc. SPIE. 2611, Optical Network Engineering and Integrity

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Chalcogenide glass, Scattering, Cladding, Polymers, Glasses, Nitrogen, Coating, Corrosion, Liquids

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1995

Development of low loss IR transmitting chalcogenide glass fibers

Jasbinder Sanghera, Ishwar Aggarwal, Lynda Busse, Pablo Pureza, Vinh Nguyen, Robert Miklos, Frederic Kung, Reza Mossadegh

Proc. SPIE. 2396, Biomedical Optoelectronic Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Chalcogenide glass, Cladding, Sensors, Signal attenuation, Glasses, Reflectivity, Infrared lasers, Laser cutting, Absorption

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