Ms. Maeve J. Hayden Profile

Maeve J. Hayden

Student at Tyndall National Institute

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2006 Paper

Optimal design, fabrication, and characterisation of GeO₂-SiO₂ doped silica multimode-interference couplers

H. N. J. Fernando, M. Hayden, P. Hughes

Proceedings Volume 6183, 61830V (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.662860

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Brain-machine interfaces, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Photonic integrated circuits, Silica, Ions, Single mode fibers, Packaging, Etching, Integrated optics

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Article reports low loss (better than 0.09dB/cm) germano-silicate planar devices, operating at 1550nm wavelength, with optical combiner/splitters exhibiting greater splitting uniformity (~ 0.08dB) based on multimode interferences with index contrast ~ 0.7%. Excess loss of the device was improved by 0.41dB by designing output access waveguides with two S-bends operating in the Whispering-Gallery-Mode regime (WGM). The total S-bend loss was improved by inserting a straight waveguide between two cured sections, instead of two oppositely curved sections as in the conventional S-bends. This is expected to reduce transition loss about four times the transition loss between two oppositely curved sections. Optimised offsets, between waveguides of different radii, and widening of curved sections resulted in low excess loss while preserving device compactness. The separation of the output access waveguides was limited to just 250μm, for pigtailing/butt-coupling of SMF fibres, to ensure device compactness for future high-density packaging. Silica and doped-silica on silicon films were formed at low temperature, <350°C, with high deposition rates, greater than 1600 Angstroms/min, using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technology that suits for mass production. Fabricated lightwave circuits were characterised with special care in order to avoid ambiguities that would arise from power fluctuation in the launching laser source during measurements.

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