An approximated technique to optimize the gain profile of multi-pump broadband hybrid amplifiers (Raman+EDFA) under residual pump recycling is applied to a WDM system. The Optimized hybrid amplifier configurations with multi-pumping were analyzed considering different number of input channels in order to check the global gain saturation and the changes in the global gain profile that occur due to signal-pump, signal-signal, and pump-pump interactions. This work extends the optimization of the gain profile from Raman+EDFA hybrid amplifiers and studies the signal-signal interactions, signal-pumping and pumping-pumping WDM systems. Multiple input channels allowed the gain characterization of the Raman+EDFA hybrid amplifier in terms of global gain, ripple, and noise figure considering applications for WDM systems.
An approximate technique to optimise the gain profile of multi-pump broadband hybrid amplifiers (Raman + Erbium Doped Fibre) under residual pump recycling is applied to a WDM system. The optimisation was focused on the global gain and its ripple factor for the hybrid amplifier. This work extends the optimisation of the gain profile from Raman + EDFA hybrid amplifiers and examines the signal-signal interactions, signal-pumping and pumping-pumping WDM systems. Multiple input channels enabled the gain characterisation of the Raman + EDFA hybrid amplifier in terms of the global gain, ripple and noise figure considering applications for WDM systems.
An approximated technique to optimize the gain profile of multi-pump broadband hybrid amplifiers (EDFA+Raman)
under residual pump recycling is applied to a WDM system. The optimization has been focused on the global gain and
its ripple factor for the hybrid amplifier. The EDFA spectral gain profile is the one to be compensated by the Raman
amplification. The results of gain, ripple and noise figure for 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 WDM input channels, with - 20 dBm
each, are presented. The increase in the level of input power reduces the overall gain of the amplifier, but the profile
remains unchanged. The performance of this configuration presented better results that means high gain, lower ripple,
and higher bandwidth than those found in the literature.
This paper analyzes multi-pump Raman+EDFA hybrid amplifiers with pump recycling using an improved
technique that optimizes the gain and ripple of the amplifier for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
applications. This technique is based on the equalization of Erbium's gain spectrum by adjusting the flexible
gain profile of a multi-pump Raman amplification stage. The residual Raman pump recycled by the Erbiumdoped
section is used to increase power pump efficiency. Multi-channel simulated gain characterization of the
hybrid amplifier recycling Raman pump, in terms of global gain, ripple, and noise figure, is presented.
Different configurations of the Raman stage with single, two, three and four-pump lasers are analyzed. For 8
WDM input channels with two and three-pump lasers, ripple values have presented variation from 3 to 9 dB
against 4.3 to 12.6 dB obtained with the previous method, depending on the input power and number of
pumps. The ripple analysis have has shown that the proper selection of pump wavelengths and powers,
enables the construction of broadband hybrid Raman+EDFA amplifiers with enhanced power conversion
efficiency and high and flat gains.
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