Mr. Mark H. Warner Profile

Mark H. Warner

Project Manager

SPIE Involvement:

Author | Instructor

Publications (26)

Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Construction update of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope project

Mark Warner, Thomas Rimmele, Valentin Pillet, Roberto Casini, Steve Berukoff, Simon Craig, Andrew Ferayorni, Bret Goodrich, Robert Hubbard, David Harrington, Paul Jeffers, Erik Johansson, Ruth Kneale, Jeff Kuhn, Chen Liang, Haosheng Lin, Heather Marshall, Mihalis Mathioudakis, William McBride, Joseph McMullin, William McVeigh, Predrag Sekulic, Wolfgang Schmidt, Steve Shimko, Stacey Sueoka, Rich Summers, Alexandra Tritschler, Timothy Williams, Friedrich Wöger

Proc. SPIE. 10700, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VII

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Polarization, Imaging systems, Cameras, Polarimetry, Control systems, Optical fabrication, Solar processes

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Construction of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) is well underway on the Haleakalā summit on the Hawaiian island of Maui. Featuring a 4-m aperture and an off-axis Gregorian configuration, the DKIST will be the world’s largest solar telescope. It is designed to make high-precision measurements of fundamental astrophysical processes and produce large amounts of spectropolarimetric and imaging data. These data will support research on solar magnetism and its influence on solar wind, flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar irradiance variability. Because of its large aperture, the DKIST will be able to sense the corona’s magnetic field—a goal that has previously eluded scientists—enabling observations that will provide answers about the heating of stellar coronae and the origins of space weather and exo-weather. The telescope will cover a broad wavelength range (0.35 to 28 microns) and operate as a coronagraph at infrared (IR) wavelengths. Achieving the diffraction limit of the 4-m aperture, even at visible wavelengths, is paramount to these science goals. The DKIST’s state-of-the-art adaptive optics systems will provide diffraction-limited imaging, resolving features that are approximately 20 km in size on the Sun.

At the start of operations, five instruments will be deployed: a visible broadband imager (VTF), a visible spectropolarimeter (ViSP), a visible tunable filter (VTF), a diffraction-limited near-IR spectropolarimeter (DLNIRSP), and a cryogenic near-IR spectropolarimeter (cryo-NIRSP). At the end of 2017, the project finished its fifth year of construction and eighth year overall. Major milestones included delivery of the commissioning blank, the completed primary mirror (M1), and its cell. Commissioning and testing of the coudé rotator is complete and the installation of the coudé cleanroom is underway; likewise, commissioning of the telescope mount assembly (TMA) has also begun. Various other systems and equipment are also being installed and tested. Finally, the observatory integration, testing, and commissioning (IT&C) activities have begun, including the first coating of the M1 commissioning blank and its integration within its cell assembly. Science mirror coating and initial on-sky activities are both anticipated in 2018.

Proceedings Article | 22 August 2016 Paper

Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope: computational fluid dynamic analyses and evaluation of the air knife model

Isaac McQuillen, LeEllen Phelps, Mark Warner, Robert Hubbard

Proc. SPIE. 9911, Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Solar telescopes, Curtains, Fluctuations and noise, Error analysis, Interfaces, Wavefronts, Space telescopes, Thermal modeling, CFD analysis, Protactinium

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Implementation of an air curtain at the thermal boundary between conditioned and ambient spaces allows for observation over wavelength ranges not practical when using optical glass as a window. The air knife model of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) project, a 4-meter solar observatory that will be built on Haleakalā, Hawai’i, deploys such an air curtain while also supplying ventilation through the ceiling of the coudé laboratory. The findings of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and subsequent changes to the air knife model are presented. Major design constraints include adherence to the Interface Control Document (ICD), separation of ambient and conditioned air, unidirectional outflow into the coudé laboratory, integration of a deployable glass window, and maintenance and accessibility requirements. Optimized design of the air knife successfully holds full 12 Pa backpressure under temperature gradients of up to 20°C while maintaining unidirectional outflow. This is a significant improvement upon the .25 Pa pressure differential that the initial configuration, tested by Linden and Phelps, indicated the curtain could hold. CFD post- processing, developed by Vogiatzis, is validated against interferometry results of initial air knife seeing evaluation, performed by Hubbard and Schoening. This is done by developing a CFD simulation of the initial experiment and using Vogiatzis’ method to calculate error introduced along the optical path. Seeing error, for both temperature differentials tested in the initial experiment, match well with seeing results obtained from the CFD analysis and thus validate the post-processing model. Application of this model to the realizable air knife assembly yields seeing errors that are well within the error budget under which the air knife interface falls, even with a temperature differential of 20°C between laboratory and ambient spaces. With ambient temperature set to 0°C and conditioned temperature set to 20°C, representing the worst-case temperature gradient, the spatial rms wavefront error in units of wavelength is 0.178 (88.69 nm at λ = 500 nm).

Proceedings Article | 18 August 2016 Paper

Construction status of the Daniel K. Inouye solar telescope

Joseph McMullin, Thomas Rimmele, Mark Warner, Valentin Pillet, Roberto Casini, Steve Berukoff, Simon Craig, David Elmore, Andrew Ferayorni, Bret Goodrich, Robert Hubbard, David Harrington, Steve Hegwer, Paul Jeffers, Erik Johansson, Jeff Kuhn, Haosheng Lin, Heather Marshall, Mihalis Mathioudakis, William McBride, William McVeigh, LeEllen Phelps, Wolfgang Schmidt, Steve Shimko, Stacey Sueoka, Alexandra Tritschler, Timothy Williams, Friedrich Wöger

Proc. SPIE. 9906, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VI

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Imaging systems, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Optical fabrication, Buildings, Space telescopes, Solar processes

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We provide an update on the construction status of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. This 4-m diameter facility is designed to enable detection and spatial/temporal resolution of the predicted, fundamental astrophysical processes driving solar magnetism at their intrinsic scales throughout the solar atmosphere. These data will drive key research on solar magnetism and its influence on solar winds, flares, coronal mass ejections and solar irradiance variability. The facility is developed to support a broad wavelength range (0.35 to 28 microns) and will employ state-of-the-art adaptive optics systems to provide diffraction limited imaging, resolving features approximately 20 km on the Sun. At the start of operations, there will be five instruments initially deployed: Visible Broadband Imager (VBI; National Solar Observatory), Visible SpectroPolarimeter (ViSP; NCAR High Altitude Observatory), Visible Tunable Filter (VTF (a Fabry-Perot tunable spectropolarimeter); Kiepenheuer Institute for Solarphysics), Diffraction Limited NIR Spectropolarimeter (DL-NIRSP; University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy) and the Cryogenic NIR Spectropolarimeter (Cryo-NIRSP; University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy).

As of mid-2016, the project construction is in its 4th year of site construction and 7th year overall. Major milestones in the off-site development include the conclusion of the polishing of the M1 mirror by University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, the delivery of the Top End Optical Assembly (L3), the acceptance of the Deformable Mirror System (Xinetics); all optical systems have been contracted and are either accepted or in fabrication. The Enclosure and Telescope Mount Assembly passed through their factory acceptance in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The enclosure site construction is currently concluding while the Telescope Mount Assembly site erection is underway. The facility buildings (Utility and Support and Operations) have been completed with ongoing work on the thermal systems to support the challenging imaging requirements needed for the solar research.

Finally, we present the construction phase performance (schedule, budget) with projections for the start of early operations.

Proceedings Article | 8 August 2016 Paper

The seven habits of highly effective project managers

Mark Warner, Richard Summers

Proc. SPIE. 9911, Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Astronomy, Aerospace engineering, Thirty Meter Telescope, Phase modulation, Satellites, Promethium, Systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 8 August 2016 Paper

Project management and control of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope

Joseph McMullin, William McVeigh, Mark Warner, Thomas Rimmele, Simon Craig, Andrew Ferayorni, Bret Goodrich, Robert Hubbard, Rex Hunter, Paul Jeffers, Erik Johansson, Heather Marshall, William McBride, LeEllen Phelps, Steve Shimko, Alexandra Tritschler, Timothy Williams, Friedrich Wöger

Proc. SPIE. 9911, Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Solar telescopes, Phase modulation, Databases, Chromium, Control systems, Process control, Systems engineering, Neodymium, Content addressable memory

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Proceedings Article | 5 August 2014 Paper

The tail wags the dog: managing large telescope construction projects with lagging requirements and creeping scope

Mark Warner

Proc. SPIE. 9150, Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Safety, Interfaces, Control systems, Buildings, Domes, Large telescopes, Optical instrument design

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In a perfect world, large telescopes would be developed and built in logical, sequential order. First, scientific requirements would be agreed upon, vetted, and fully developed. From these, instrument designers would define their own subsystem requirements and specifications, and then flesh out preliminary designs. This in turn would then allow optic designers to specify lens and mirror requirements, which would permit telescope mounts and drives to be designed. Finally, software and safety systems, enclosures and domes, buildings, foundations, and infrastructures would be specified and developed. Unfortunately, the order of most large telescope projects is the opposite of this sequence. We don’t live in a perfect world. Scientists usually don’t want to commit to operational requirements until late in the design process, instrument designers frequently change and update their designs due to improving filter and camera technologies, and mount and optics engineers seem to live by the words “more” and “better” throughout their own design processes. Amplifying this is the fact that site construction of buildings and domes are usually the earliest critical path items on the schedule, and are often subject to lengthy permitting and environmental processes. These facility and support items therefore must quickly get underway, often before operational requirements are fully considered. Mirrors and mounts also have very long lead times for fabrication, which in turn necessitates that they are specified and purchased early. All of these factors can result in expensive and time-consuming change orders when requirements are finalized and/or shift late in the process. This paper discusses some of these issues encountered on large, multi-year construction projects. It also presents some techniques and ideas to minimize these effects on schedule and cost. Included is a discussion on the role of Interface Control Documents (ICDs), the importance (and danger) of making big-picture decisions early, and designing flexibility and adaptability into subsystems. In a perfect world, science would be the big dog in the room, wagging the engineering tail. In our non-perfect world, however, it’s often the tail that ends up wagging the dog instead.

Proceedings Article | 22 July 2014 Paper

Construction status of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope

Joseph McMullin, Thomas Rimmele, Valentin Martínez Pillet, Thomas Berger, Roberto Casini, Simon Craig, David Elmore, Bret Goodrich, Steve Hegwer, Robert Hubbard, Erik Johansson, Jeffrey Kuhn, Haosheng Lin, William McVeigh, Wolfgang Schmidt, Steve Shimko, Alexandra Tritschler, Mark Warner, Friedrich Wöger

Proc. SPIE. 9145, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes V

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Visible radiation, Astronomy, Solar telescopes, Sun, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Optical fabrication, Solar processes

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2013 Paper

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) project: a construction update

Mark Warner, Joseph McMullin, Thomas Rimmele, Tom Berger

Proc. SPIE. 8862, Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation V

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Visible radiation, Solar telescopes, Magnetism, Control systems, Optical fabrication, Space telescopes, Solar processes

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2012 Paper

But I'm an engineer -- not a contracts lawyer!

Mark Warner, Harvey Bass

Proc. SPIE. 8449, Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Safety, Interfaces, Control systems, Legal, Large telescopes, Optical instrument design, Lead

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2012 Paper

Transitioning from conceptual design to construction performance specification

Paul Jeffers, Mark Warner, Simon Craig, Robert Hubbard, Heather Marshall

Proc. SPIE. 8449, Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Astronomy, Electronics, Interfaces, 3D modeling, Computer aided design, Systems engineering, Infrared telescopes, Optical instrument design

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: design and early construction

Joseph McMullin, Thomas Rimmele, Stephen Keil, Mark Warner, Samuel Barden, Scott Bulau, Simon Craig, Bret Goodrich, Eric Hansen, Steve Hegwer, Robert Hubbard, William McBride, Steve Shimko, Friedrich Wöger, Jennifer Ditsler

Proc. SPIE. 8444, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes IV

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Sun, Magnetism, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Buildings, Solar processes

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The National Solar Observatory’s (NSO) Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) is the first large U.S. solar telescope accessible to the worldwide solar physics community to be constructed in more than 30 years. The 4-meter diameter facility will operate over a broad wavelength range (0.35 to 28 μm ), employing adaptive optics systems to achieve diffraction limited imaging and resolve features approximately 20 km on the Sun; the key observational parameters (collecting area, spatial resolution, spectral coverage, polarization accuracy, low scattered light) enable resolution of the theoretically-predicted, fine-scale magnetic features and their dynamics which modulate the radiative output of the sun and drive the release of magnetic energy from the Sun’s atmosphere in the form of flares and coronal mass ejections. In 2010, the ATST received a significant fraction of its funding for construction. In the subsequent two years, the project has hired staff and opened an office on Maui. A number of large industrial contracts have been placed throughout the world to complete the detailed designs and begin constructing the major telescope subsystems. These contracts have included the site development, AandE designs, mirrors, polishing, optic support assemblies, telescope mount and coudé rotator structures, enclosure, thermal and mechanical systems, and high-level software and controls. In addition, design development work on the instrument suite has undergone significant progress; this has included the completion of preliminary design reviews (PDR) for all five facility instruments. Permitting required for physically starting construction on the mountaintop of Haleakalā, Maui has also progressed. This paper will review the ATST goals and specifications, describe each of the major subsystems under construction, and review the contracts and lessons learned during the contracting and early construction phases. Schedules for site construction, key factory testing of major subsystems, and integration, test and commissioning activities will also be discussed.

Proceedings Article | 28 July 2010 Paper

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: beginning construction of the world's largest solar telescope

T. R. Rimmele, J. Wagner, S. Keil, D. Elmore, R. Hubbard, E. Hansen, M. Warner, P. Jeffers, L. Phelps, H. Marshall, B. Goodrich, K. Richards, S. Hegwer, R. Kneale, J. Ditsler

Proc. SPIE. 7733, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Cameras, Interfaces, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Solar processes

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2008 Paper

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: a progress report

J. Wagner, T. Rimmele, S. Keil, R. Hubbard, E. Hansen, L. Phelps, M. Warner, B. Goodrich, K. Richards, S. Hegwer, R. Kneale, J. Ditsler

Proc. SPIE. 7012, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes II

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Buildings, Optical instrument design, Control systems design

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2008 Paper

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope lower enclosure thermal system

L. Phelps, M. Warner

Proc. SPIE. 7017, Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy III

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Solar telescopes, Sun, Fluctuations and noise, Skin, Particles, Control systems, Performance modeling, Thermal modeling, Atmospheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 4 July 2006 Paper

Controlling wavefront distortions across a thermal boundary

Robert Hubbard, Thomas Rimmele, William Schoening, Nathan Dalrymple, Gary Poczulp, Mark Warner

Proc. SPIE. 6267, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Curtains, Interferometers, Interfaces, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Space telescopes, Turbulence, Wavefront distortions

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Proceedings Article | 26 June 2006 Paper

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope enclosure

L. Phelps, J. Barr, N. Dalrymple, M. Fraser, R. Hubbard, J. Wagner, M. Warner

Proc. SPIE. 6267, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Cooling systems, Observatories, Telescopes, Solar telescopes, Solar radiation models, Control systems, Convection, Thermal modeling, Camera shutters, Systems modeling

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Proceedings Article | 23 June 2006 Paper

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: a progress report

J. Wagner, T. Rimmele, S. Keil, J. Barr, N. Dalrymple, J. Ditsler, B. Goodrich, E. Hansen, S. Hegwer, F. Hill, R. Hubbard, L. Phelps, R. Price, K. Richards, M. Warner

Proc. SPIE. 6267, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Interfaces, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Buildings, Control systems design

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Proceedings Article | 23 June 2006 Paper

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope mount assembly

Mark Warner, Myung Cho, Bret Goodrich, Eric Hansen, Rob Hubbard, Joon Pyo Lee, Jeremy Wagner

Proc. SPIE. 6267, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Fourier transforms, Control systems, Space telescopes, Finite element methods, Optical instrument design, Off axis mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 15 September 2005 Paper

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: a progress report

T. Rimmele, S. Keil, J. Wagner, N. Dalrymple, B. Goodrich, E. Hansen, F. Hill, R. Hubbard, L. Phelps, K. Richards, M. Warner

Proc. SPIE. 5901, Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Visible radiation, Solar telescopes, Interfaces, Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 15 September 2005 Paper

High precision polarimetry with the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope

Hector Socas-Navarro, David Elmore, Christoph Keller, Paul Seagraves, Kim Streander, Gregory Card, Mark Warner, Jeffrey Kuhn, Donald Mickey

Proc. SPIE. 5901, Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Polarization, Calibration, Wave plates, Polarimetry, Space telescopes, Optical calibration, Atmospheric modeling

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2005 Paper

Structural analysis for the 4-m Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST)

Myung Cho, Mark Warner, Joon Lee

Proc. SPIE. 5877, Optomechanics 2005

KEYWORDS: Optical components, Telescopes, Mirrors, Astronomy, Solar telescopes, Gemini Observatory, Finite element methods, Motion models, Optical instrument design, Off axis mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2004 Paper

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: conceptual design and status

Stephen Keil, Jacobus Oschmann, Thomas Rimmele, Rob Hubbard, Mark Warner, Ron Price, Nathan Dalrymple, Bret Goodrich, Steven Hegwer, Frank Hill, Jeremy Wagner

Proc. SPIE. 5489, Ground-based Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Visible radiation, Solar telescopes, Polarization, Polarimetry, Adaptive optics, Space telescopes, Optical instrument design, Control systems design

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Proceedings Article | 4 February 2004 Paper

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: a progress report

Jim Oschmann, Nathan Dalrymple, Mark Warner, Ron Price, Frank Hill, Rob Hubbard, Thomas Rimmele, Christoph Keller, Stephen Keil

Proc. SPIE. 5171, Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Gemini Observatory, Skin, Adaptive optics, Domes, Thermal modeling, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 11 February 2003 Paper

Design and development of the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope

Stephen Keil, Thomas Rimmele, Christoph Keller, Frank Hill, Richard Radick, Jacobus Oschmann, Mark Warner, Nathan Dalrymple, John Briggs, Steven Hegwer, Dauxing Ren

Proc. SPIE. 4853, Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Telescopes, Mirrors, Visible radiation, Solar telescopes, Light scattering, Magnetism, Adaptive optics, Optical instrument design, Solar processes

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Proceedings Article | 4 February 2003 Paper

Technical challenges of the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope

Thomas Rimmele, Stephen Keil, Christoph Keller, Frank Hill, John Briggs, Nathan Dalrymple, Bret Goodrich, Steven Hegwer, Rob Hubbard, Jacobus Oschmann, Richard Radick, Deqing Ren, Jeremy Wagner, Stephen Wampler, Mark Warner

Proc. SPIE. 4837, Large Ground-based Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Monochromatic aberrations, Telescopes, Mirrors, Solar telescopes, Polarization, Magnetism, Polarimetry, Adaptive optics, Optical instrument design, Solar processes

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1994 Paper

Gemini telescope structure design

Keith Raybould, Paul Gillett, Peter Hatton, Gordon Pentland, Mike Sheehan, Mark Warner

Proc. SPIE. 2199, Advanced Technology Optical Telescopes V

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, Gemini Observatory, Coating, Computer programming, Head, Finite element methods, Structural design, Telescope design, Optical instrument design

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Showing 5 of 26 publications

Course Instructor

WS1208: The Seven Habits of Highly Effective Project Managers

Why do some engineering projects succeed, while others fail? There are many different factors that can influence the outcome of any given project, but one of the most important is the combined skills and qualifications of the project manager (PM) at its helm. But what exactly makes a project manager “skilled and qualified?” Asked another way, are there common best practices, philosophies, and/or techniques that the most successful PMs share, and if so, what are they? The short answer is yes, the majority of successful engineering project managers have many skills and character traits in common. The longer answer is there are at least seven of these key traits, or “habits" that many successful PMs implement within their respective projects. <p> </p> This course explains what those habits are. More importantly, this course teaches a student how to implement these best practices into their own projects, large or small. From scope, quality, budget, and schedule management, to risk mitigation strategies, building a strong project team, engaged stakeholder management, and general leadership skills, this course will give both new and experienced project managers new tools and techniques to help them not only succeed, but excel within their projects.

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