Mr. Mark A. Yarbrough Profile

Mark A. Yarbrough

at Moss Landing Marine Labs

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Author

Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 17 October 2007 Paper

The marine optical buoy (MOBY) radiometric calibration and uncertainty budget for ocean color satellite sensor vicarious calibration

Steven Brown, Stephanie Flora, Michael Feinholz, Mark Yarbrough, Terrence Houlihan, Darryl Peters, Yong Sung Kim, James Mueller, B. Carol Johnson, Dennis Clark

Proceedings Volume 6744, 67441M (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.737400

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Satellites, Ocean optics, Standards development, Molybdenum, MODIS, Sensor calibration, Water, Environmental sensing

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2007 Paper

Results in coastal waters with high resolution in situ spectral radiometry: The Marine Optical System ROV

Mark Yarbrough, Michael Feinholz, Stephanie Flora, Terrance Houlihan, B. Carol Johnson, Yong Kim, Marilyn Murphy, Michael Ondrusek, Dennis Clark

Proceedings Volume 6680, 66800I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.735064

KEYWORDS: Molybdenum, Water, Ocean optics, Calibration, Sensors, Absorption, Lutetium, Radiometry, Spectral resolution, Spectrographs

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2007 Paper

Simultaneous measurement of up-welling spectral radiance using a fiber-coupled CCD spectrograph

Mark Yarbrough, Stephanie Flora, Michael Feinholz, Terrence Houlihan, Steven Brown, B. Carol Johnson, Kenneth Voss, Dennis Clark

Proceedings Volume 6680, 66800J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.735016

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Satellites, Spectrographs, Charge-coupled devices, Optical fibers, Prototyping, Imaging systems, Light scattering, Ocean optics

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Proceedings Article | 18 January 2002 Paper

Overview of the radiometric calibration of MOBY

Dennis Clark, Michael Feinholz, Mark Yarbrough, B. Carol Johnson, Steven Brown, Yong Kim, Robert Barnes

Proceedings Volume 4483, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453473

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Spectrographs, Ocean optics, Molybdenum, Optical spheres, Lamps, Spatial light modulators, Stray light, Integrating spheres, Light scattering

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The Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) provides values of water- leaving radiance for the calibration and validation of satellite ocean color instruments. Located in clear, deep ocean waters near the Hawaiian Island of Lanai, MOBY measures the upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance at three levels below the ocean surface plus the incident solar irradiance just above the surface. The radiance standards for MOBY are two integrating spheres with calibrations based on standards traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For irradiance, the MOBY project uses standard lamps that are routinely calibrated at NIST. Wavelength calibrations are conducted with a series of emission lines observed from a set of low pressure lamps. Each MOBY instrument views these standards before and after its deployment to provide system responses (calibration coefficients). During each deployment, the stability of the MOBY spectrographs and internal optics are monitored using three internal reference sources. In addition, the collection optics for the instrument are cleaned and checked on a monthly basis while the buoy is deployed. Divers place lamps over the optics before and after each cleaning to monitor changes at the system level. As a hyperspectral instrument, MOBY uses absorption lines in the solar spectrum to monitor its wavelength stability. When logistically feasible during each deployment, coincident measurements are made with the predecessor buoy before that buoy's recovery. Measurements of the underwater light fields from the deployment vessel are compared with those from the buoy. Based on this set of absolute calibrations and the suite of stability reference measurements, a calibration history is created for each buoy. These calibration histories link the measurement time series from the set of MOBY buoys. In general, the differences between the pre- and post-deployment radiance calibrations of the buoys range from +1% to -6% with a definitive bias to a negative difference for the post- deployment values. This trend is to be expected after a deployment of 3 months. To date, only the pre-deployment calibration measurements have been used to adjust the system responses for the MOBY time series. Based on these results, the estimated radiometric uncertainty for MOBY in-water ocean color measurements is estimated to be about 4% to 8% (kequals1). As part of a collaboration with NIST, annual radiometric comparisons are made at the MOBY calibration facility. NIST personnel use transfer radiometers and integrating spheres to validate (verify) the accuracy of the MOBY calibration sources. Recently, we began a study of the stray light contribution to the radiometric uncertainty in the MOBY systems. A complete reprocessing of the MOBY data set, including the changes within each MOBY deployment, will commence upon the completion of the stray light characterization, which is scheduled for the fall of 2001. It is anticipated that this reprocessing will reduce the overall radiometric uncertainty to less than 5% (kequals1).

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