Mr. Martin C. Baruch Profile

Martin C. Baruch

at Empirical Technologies Corp

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2003 Paper

Fiber-optic couplers as displacement sensors

Martin Baruch, David Gerdt, Charles Adkins

Proceedings Volume 4943, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.468566

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber optics sensors, Fiber optics, Heart, Blood pressure, Arteries, Bladder, Manufacturing, Modulation, Remote sensing

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We introduce the novel concept of using a fiber-optic coupler as a versatile displacement sensor. Comparatively long fiber-optic couplers, with a coupling region of approximately 10 mm, are manufactured using standard communication SM fiber and placed in a looped-back configuration. The result is a displacement sensor, which is robust and highly sensitive over a wide dynamic range. This displacement sensor resolves 1-2 μm over distances of 1-1.5 mm and is characterized by the essential absence of a 'spring constant' plaguing other strain gauge-type sensors. Consequently, it is possible to couple to extremely weak vibrations, such as the skin displacement affected by arterial heart beat pulsations. Used as a wrist-worn heartbeat monitor, the fidelity of the arterial pulse signal has been shown to be so high that it is possible to not only determine heartbeat and breathing rates, but to implement a new single-point blood pressure measurement scheme which does not squeeze the arm. In an application as a floor vibration sensor for the non-intrusive monitoring of independently living elderly, the sensor has been shown to resolve the distinct vibration spectra of different persons and different events.

Proceedings Article | 26 March 1999 Paper

Ultrasonic liquid crystal-based underwater acoustic imaging

David Gerdt, Martin Baruch, Charles Adkins

Proceedings Volume 3635, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.343873

KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Liquid crystals, Anisotropy, Cameras, Crystals, Glasses, Image visualization, Visualization, Imaging systems, Polymers

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A new approach to underwater ultrasonic imaging is described and demonstrated which directly converts a 2D acoustic pressure image formed from an acoustic lens into an intensity-mapped visual image. There are no computers nor electronic requirements, nor piezo arrays necessary. The imager relies on the acoustic coupling, which occurs between directed acoustic energy and aligned nematic liquid crystals. The aligned liquid crystal, being optically birefringent, thereby serve as a display when viewed through crossed polarizers. Pressure waves established by acoustic transducers are reflected by the target, focused by an acoustic lens system, and converted into a visible image for target identification in littoral water. Anticipated uses are for searching and identifying underwater mines which are hazardous to military and civilian ships, ferries, and fishing boats. Other uses include search and rescue and inspection of underwater hazards and structures. Acoustic images obtained using only liquid crystal and light are included.

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