We consider the characteristics of macroalgal (kelp) targets of a LiDAR capable of assessing algal 3D morphology and quantifying algal biomass via fluorescence or differential absorption. Spectral absorption, fluorescence emission, fluorescence efficiency, and temporal fluorescence induction dynamics of Arctic algae can differ by class due to variation in photopigment complement. Surface reflectance characteristics of macroalgae can vary by morphology and structure. In this, work, we present an investigation of fluorescence via excitation-emission spectra of Arctic macroalgal targets. Simulations using these optical characteristics will later guide us in optimizing LiDAR configuration and performance under various operating conditions.
The physical and biological properties of Arctic ice and coastal benthos remain poorly understood due to the difficulty of accessing these substrates in ice-covered waters. A LiDAR system deployed on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) can interrogate these 3D surfaces for physical and biological properties simultaneously. Using our understanding of the absorption, inelastic scattering (fluorescent), and elastic scattering properties of photosynthetic micro- and macroalgae excited by lasers, we present results of in situ tank tests using a two-wavelength (473 nm, 532 nm) prototype to evaluate both fluorosensor and differential absorption (DIAL) approaches using reflectance standards and selected macroalgae as targets.
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